Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that can lead to total blindness without treatment.
Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and a leading cause of blindness in peoples
The retina is the membrane that covers the back of the eye. It is highly sensitive to light.
It converts any light that hits the eye into signals that can be interpreted by the brain. This process produces visual images, and it is how sight functions in the human eye.
Diabetic retinopathy damages the blood vessels within the retinal tissue, causing them to leak fluid and distort vision.
There are two types of DR:
- Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR): This is the milder form of diabetic retinopathy and is usually symptomless.
- Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR): PDR is the most advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy and refers to the formation of new, abnormal blood vessels in the retina.
Approximately 5.4 percent of people in the U.S. aged over 40 years have DR.
Worldwide, one-third of the estimated 285 million people with diabetes show signs of DR.
Symptoms
Diabetic retinopathy typically presents no symptoms during the early stages.
The condition is often at an advanced stage when symptoms become noticeable. On occasion, the only detectable symptom is a sudden and complete loss of vision.
Signs and symptoms of diabetic retinopathy may include:
- blurred vision
- the impairment of color vision
- floaters, or transparent and colorless spots and dark strings that float in the patient's field of vision
- patches or streaks that block the person's vision
- poor night vision
- sudden and total loss of vision
DR usually affects both eyes. It is important to make sure that the risk of vision loss is minimized. The only way people with diabetes can prevent DR is to attend every eye examination scheduled by their doctor.
Complications
Possible complications associated with diabetic retinopathy include the following:
Vitreous hemorrhage: A newly formed blood vessel leaks into the vitreous gel that fills the eye, stopping light from reaching the retina. Symptoms include loss of vision and sensitivity to light or floaters in milder cases. This complication can resolve itself if the retina remains undamaged.
Detached retina: Scar tissue can pull the retina away from the back of the eye. This usually causes the appearance of floating spots in the individual's field of vision, flashes of light, and severe vision loss. A detached retina presents a significant risk of total vision loss if left untreated.
Glaucoma: The normal flow of fluid in the eye may become blocked as new blood vessels form. The blockage causes a buildup of ocular pressure, or pressure in the eye, increasing the risk of optic nerve damage and vision loss.
Causes and risk factors
Anybody with diabetes is at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. However, there is a greater risk if the person:
- does not correctly control blood sugar levels
- experiences high blood pressure
- has high cholesterol
- is pregnant
- smokes regularly
- has had diabetes for a long time
Damage to the network of blood vessels that nourish the retina is the key cause of diabetic retinopathy.
High glucose levels damage these vessels and restrict the flow of blood to the retina. The problems with the blood vessels can be as mild as tiny bulges in the vessel wall that occasionally leak blood without affecting vision.
However, in the advanced stages of the condition, these blood vessels may become completely blocked. The eye then produces new, less stable blood vessels. The new vessels break easily and leak into the vitreous gel of the eye. The bleeding causes blurred and patchy vision by further blocking the retina.
This bleeding, on occasion, forms scars that can separate the retina and the eye, leading to a detached retina. As symptoms develop, a person with DR becomes increasingly likely to experience complete vision loss.
retinopathy may be diagnosed using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan.
Diabetic retinopathy generally starts without any noticeable change in vision. However, an ophthalmologist, or eye specialist, can detect the signs.
It is crucial for people with diabetes to have an eye examination at least once or twice annually, or when recommended by a physician.
The following methods are commonly used to diagnose diabetic retinopathy:
Dilated eye exam
The doctor administers drops into the patient's eyes. These drops dilate the pupils and allow the doctor to view the inside of the eye in a more detailed way.
Photographs are taken of the interior of the eye. During the eye examination, the doctor can detect the presence of:
abnormalities in the blood vessels, optic nerve, or retina
- cataracts.
- changes in eye pressure or overall vision.
- new blood vessels.
- retinal detachment.
- scar tissue.
These drops may sting, and the bright lights of the photographs can startle the person receiving the test. In high-risk individuals, the eye drops may cause an increase in ocular pressure.
Fluorescein angiography.
Drops are used to dilate the pupils, and a special dye called fluorescein is injected into a vein in the patient's arm. Pictures are taken as the dye circulates through the eyes. The dye may leak into the retina or stain the blood vessels if the blood vessels are abnormal.
This test can determine which blood vessels are blocked, leaking fluid, or broken down. Any laser treatments can then be accurately guided. For around 24 hours after the test, the skin may turn yellowish, and urine dark orange, as the dye exits the body.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT).
This noninvasive imaging scan provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, revealing its thickness. After any treatments, scans may be used later to check how effective treatment has been.
OCT is similar to ultrasound testing but uses light rather than sound to produce images. The scan can also detect diseases of the optic nerve.
Treatment options.
Treating DR depends on several factors, including the severity and type of DR, and how the person with DR has responded to previous treatments.
With NPDR, a doctor may decide to monitor the person's eyes closed without intervening. This is known as watchful waiting.
Individuals will need to work with their doctors to control diabetes. Good blood sugar control can significantly slow the development of DR.
In most cases of PDR, the patient will require immediate surgical treatment. The following options are available:
Focal laser treatment, or photocoagulation.
The procedure is carried out in a doctor's office or an eye clinic. Targeted laser burns seal the leaks from abnormal blood vessels. Photocoagulation can either stop or slow down the leakage of blood and buildup of fluid in the eye.
People will usually experience blurry vision for 24 hours following focal laser treatment. Small spots may appear in the visual field for a few weeks after the procedure.
Scatter laser treatment or pan-retinal photocoagulation.
Scattered laser burns are applied to the areas of the retina away from the macula, normally over the course of two or three sessions. The macula is the area at the center of the retina in which vision is strongest.
The laser burns cause abnormal new blood vessels to shrink and scar. Most patients require two or three sessions for the best results.
Individuals may have blurry vision for 24 hours following the procedure, and there may be some loss of night vision or peripheral vision.
Vitrectomy.
This involves the removal of some of the vitreous from within the eyeball. The surgeon replaces the clouded gel with a clear liquid or gas. The body will eventually absorb the gas or liquid. This will create new vitreous to replace the clouded gel that has been removed.
Any blood in the vitreous and scar tissue that may be pulling on the retina is removed. This procedure is performed in a hospital under general or local anesthetic.
The retina may also be strengthened and held in position with tiny clamps.
After surgery, the patient may have to wear an eye patch to gradually regain use of their eye, which can tire after a vitrectomy.
If gas was used to replace the removed gel, the patient should not travel by plane until all gas has been absorbed into the body. The surgeon will tell the patient how long this should take. Most patients will have blurry vision for a few weeks after surgery. It can take several months for normal vision to return.
Surgery is not a cure for diabetic retinopathy. However, it may stop or slow the progression of symptoms. Diabetes is a long-term condition, and subsequent retinal damage and vision loss may still occur despite treatment.
Prevention.
For the majority of people with diabetes, DR is an inevitable consequence.
However, patients with diabetes who successfully manage their blood sugar levels will help to prevent the onset of a severe form of DR.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is another contributing factor. Patients with diabetes need to control their blood pressure by:.
- eating a healthy and balanced diet.
- regularly exercising.
- maintaining healthy body weight.
- smoking cessation.
- strictly controlling alcohol intake.
- taking any antihypertensive measures according to their doctor's instructions.
- attending regular screenings.
Early detection of symptoms increases the effectiveness of the treatment. click more cataract surgery Singapore
Diabetic Retinopathy Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2020 Summary Researcher clinical trial report, “Diabetic Retinopathy Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2020" provides an overview of Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical trials scenario.
This report provides top line data relating to the clinical trials on Diabetic Retinopathy.
The report offers coverage of disease clinical trials by region, country (G7 & E7), phase, trial status, end points status and sponsor type.
Report also provides prominent drugs for in-progress trials (based on number of ongoing trials).
GlobalData Clinical Trial Reports are generated using proprietary database - Pharma eTrack Clinical trials database.
Clinical trials database undergoes periodic update by dynamic process.
Cataracts develop at an earlier age in people with diabetes.Glaucoma-- an increase in fluid pressure inside the eye that leads to optic nerve damage and loss of vision.
It is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina.
What are the stages of diabetic retinopathy?Diabetic retinopathy has four stages: Mild Nonproliferative Retinopathy.
These areas of the retina then send signals to the body to grow new blood vessels for nourishment.
Causes and Risk FactorsHow does diabetic retinopathy cause vision loss?Blood vessels damaged from diabetic retinopathy can cause vision loss in two ways:Fragile, abnormal blood vessels can develop and leak blood into the center of the eye, blurring vision.
People with proliferative retinopathy can reduce their risk of blindness by 95 percent with timely treatment and appropriate follow-up care.
Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80% of those with diabetes who have had it for more than 20 years.
With careful treatment and ocular surveillance, at least 90% of future cases might be prevented.
Stages Of Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy tends to go through these four stages: Mild nonproliferative retinopathy: Tiny blood vessels in your retina alter in the early stages of the illness.
Swelling occurs in small places.
Moderate nonproliferative retinopathy: Blood vessels that should maintain your retina healthy enlarge and alter form as your condition progresses.
They are unable to bring blood to your retina.
The Global PVC Window Profile Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 gives an evaluation of the market developments based on historical studies and comprehensive research respectively.
The market segments are also provided with an in-depth outlook of the competitive landscape and a listing of the profiled key players.The comprehensive value chain analysis of the market will assist in attaining better product differentiation, along with detailed understanding of the core competency of each activity involved.
The market attractiveness analysis provided in the report aptly measures the potential value of the market providing business strategists with the latest growth opportunities.The report classifies the market into different segments based on type and application.
These segments are studied in detail incorporating the market estimates and forecasts at regional and country level.
The segment analysis is useful in understanding the growth areas and probable opportunities of the market.Final Report will cover the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.Browse the complete Global PVC Window Profile Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/53045-pvc-window-profile-market-reportThe report also covers the complete competitive landscape of the global PVC Window Profile market with company profiles of key players such as:Alphacan SpAAluplast GmbHDeceuninckEpwin GroupEurocellPiva GroupProfine GroupRehauSalamanderSchucoVEKASEGMENTATIONS IN THE REPORT:By TypeTurn & Tilt WindowsSliding WindowCasement WindowOthersBy ApplicationResidentialCommercialBy Geography:North America (NA) – US, Canada, and MexicoEurope (EU) – UK, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Spain & Rest of EuropeAsia-Pacific (APAC) – China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia & Rest of APACLatin America (LA) – Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile & Rest of Latin AmericaMiddle East and Africa (MEA) – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, South AfricaDownload Free Sample Report of Global PVC Window Profile Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-53045The Global PVC Window Profile Market has been exhibited in detail in the following chapters –Chapter 1 PVC Window Profile Market PrefaceChapter 2 Executive SummaryChapter 3 PVC Window Profile Industry AnalysisChapter 4 PVC Window Profile Market Value Chain AnalysisChapter 5 PVC Window Profile Market Analysis By TypeChapter 6 PVC Window Profile Market Analysis By ApplicationChapter 7 PVC Window Profile Market Analysis By GeographyChapter 8 Competitive Landscape Of PVC Window Profile CompaniesChapter 9 Company Profiles Of PVC Window Profile IndustryPurchase the complete Global PVC Window Profile Market Research Report @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/buy-now-53045Other Reports by DecisionDatabases.com:Global PVC Modifier Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026Global Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Resins Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026Global Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Films Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026About-Us:DecisionDatabases.com is a global business research reports provider, enriching decision makers and strategists with qualitative statistics.
DecisionDatabases.com is proficient in providing syndicated research report, customized research reports, company profiles and industry databases across multiple domains.Our expert research analysts have been trained to map client’s research requirements to the correct research resource leading to a distinctive edge over its competitors.
The Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 gives an evaluation of the market developments based on historical studies and comprehensive research respectively.
The market segments are also provided with an in-depth outlook of the competitive landscape and a listing of the profiled key players.The comprehensive value chain analysis of the market will assist in attaining better product differentiation, along with detailed understanding of the core competency of each activity involved.
The market attractiveness analysis provided in the report aptly measures the potential value of the market providing business strategists with the latest growth opportunities.The report classifies the market into different segments based on product type and application.
These segments are studied in detail incorporating the market estimates and forecasts at regional and country level.
The segment analysis is useful in understanding the growth areas and probable opportunities of the market.Final Report will cover the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.Browse the complete Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/52885-polyvinyl-alcohol-fibers-market-reportThe report also covers the complete competitive landscape of the global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers market with company profiles of key players such as:Anhui Wanwei Group Co., Ltd.E.
I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyEastman Chemical CompanyKuraray Co. Ltd.Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry Co.Sekisui Chemical Co. Ltd.Sinopec Sichuan VinylonSEGMENTATIONS IN THE REPORT:By Product TypeFilament FiberStapleOtherBy ApplicationCement AdditivesTextileNon-Woven FabricBy Geography:North America (NA) – US, Canada, and MexicoEurope (EU) – UK, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Spain & Rest of EuropeAsia-Pacific (APAC) – China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia & Rest of APACLatin America (LA) – Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile & Rest of Latin AmericaMiddle East and Africa (MEA) – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, South AfricaDownload Free Sample Report of Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-52885The Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market has been exhibited in detail in the following chapters –Chapter 1 Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market PrefaceChapter 2 Executive SummaryChapter 3 Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Industry AnalysisChapter 4 Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Value Chain AnalysisChapter 5 Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Analysis By Product TypeChapter 6 Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Analysis By ApplicationChapter 7 Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Analysis By GeographyChapter 8 Competitive Landscape Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers CompaniesChapter 9 Company Profiles Of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers IndustryPurchase the complete Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Research Report @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/buy-now-52885Other Reports by DecisionDatabases.com:Global Nanofibers Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026Global Glass Fibers Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026Global Optical Fibers Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026About-Us:DecisionDatabases.com is a global business research reports provider, enriching decision makers and strategists with qualitative statistics.
According to a research report "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market by Assessment Type (Pen- and Paper-Based, Hosted, Biometrics), Component, Application (Clinical Trial, Screening & Diagnostics, Brain Training, Academic Research), Vertical, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021", published by MarketsandMarkets, the cognitive assessment and training market size is expected to grow from USD 1.98 Billion in 2016 to USD 8.06 Billion by 2021, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32.3%.Browse 63 market data tables and 47 figures spread through 150 pages and in-depth TOC on "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market - Global Forecast to 2021"The major forces driving this market are aging global population, increasing awareness about brain fitness, and advancements in technology.
The growing market for cognitive solutions and increasing demand for brain training by next-generation tech-savvy population are contributing to the growth of the cognitive assessment and training market.Download PDF Brochure: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=1039Clinical trials in terms of application is expected to hold the largest market share in the cognitive assessment and training market during the forecast periodClinical trials are mainly used to identify, measure, or monitor cognitive impairments and cognitive changes.
The assessment of cognitive functions is an integral part of decision-making during clinical drug development, as certain drugs can have an impact on the cognitive capabilities of the brain.
The market is expected to contribute the highest revenue for vendors offering clinical trials.Education vertical is expected to grow at the highest CAGR in the marketCognitive assessment solutions and services are used in the education vertical for screening prospective candidates for schools or colleges.
The leading cognitive assessment and training vendors for this vertical are Pearson Assessment and CogniFit.North America is expected to contribute to the largest market share and Asia-Pacific to grow at the highest CAGRNorth America is expected to hold the largest market share and to dominate the cognitive assessment and training market from 2016 to 2021, due to the increasing awareness among population about adopting medication for cognitive diseases.
The new generation in this region is more concerned toward the benefits of cognitive training, which is not just limited to patients with cognitive dysfunctions.
