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Atomristors: The New Age of Memory and Storage Capability

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Delhi Magazines

The founder of atomic theory, Dalton, would have never imagined how future scientists would harness the atom’s power. The engineers at the University of Texas have developed the world’s smallest memory device with a 1 nm square surface area. The name given to this device is atomristor.

What is Atomristor?

Atomristor belongs to the class of electronics – memristor. Memristors regulate the flow of the current in a circuit. Apart from this, it also remembers the amount of charge stored earlier. Memristors are non-volatile devices. So, they can retain memory without power. It is like the combination of resistor, capacitor, and inductor to form a new memristance element. Memristance varies as a function of current and flux. They dissipate less heat and consume less energy. 

Resistive Switching

Atomristors work on the concept of resistive switching. The resistive switching helps to switch the resistance between stronger and weaker points due to exposure of the material to a specific voltage. As a result, it writes data to the memory, and the relative resistance helps to read the data. At the atomic level, each atom handles resistive switching. Hence, it controls the overall conductivity of the material. The material for the nano-memory is Molybdenum disulfide.

Material and Disrupting the Old Theory

The Molybdenum disulfide sheet is 1 nm long and 1 nm wide. It is a mere one atom thick. There existed thinking related to non-volatile resistive switching at the atomic level. The primary concerns were that the leakage current would prevent this phenomenon at the micro-level. The sulfur vacancy and defects at the solid-state level helped to achieve this feat. This defect is the reason behind the change in resistance in non-volatile substances.

Future Prospects

The nanosheet developed has opened new gates of information storage. It can make the current flash storage devices highly scalable. If the same functionality amplifies, the device will store 25 TB data in a 1 cm square surface area. And, because it withdraws less power, such appliances will be more efficient and productive. Any increment in scalability will, for sure, enhance the information density.

Applications

Atomristors will have widespread applications once it achieves magnification and integration to develop more memory. Some of the fields where it will be helpful are:

  • Defense
  • Biomedical-processing
  • Storage of citizen’s data
  • Storing CCTV data of public places for a longer timespan.
  • Converting bulky texts into digital format.
  • Neuromorphic computing systems
  • Radio-frequency communication systems

Conclusion

Atomristors will be the new-age method of storage technology. Working at the nano-level will reduce the size of the memory devices significantly. Enriched with such functionalities and eliminating the barriers to small-sized memory, atomristors will be a boon to many fields. Especially in the medical field, where DNA coding requires a good volume of data, Atomristors will help.

Source: Atomristors: The New Age of Memory and Storage Capability

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