In the 2014 film “The Monuments Men” directed by George Clooney, the idea of heritage preservation in wartime environments is raised, but not fully explored. Many historians claim that the film glossed over the efforts of preservationists, architects and museum workers who tirelessly rescued thousands of significant artworks during and after WWII. The real “Monuments Men” in history were thus responsible for the fact that we can still go and visit many artworks that we consider priceless, in museums today. In the Altaussee salt mine in Austria alone, the team discovered over 6500 paintings in the labyrinth of tunnels, including famous works by Michelangelo, Jan van Eyck and Leonardo da Vinci. These incredible individuals who risked their lives and wellbeing to first hide and then uncover works of art during the war had largely been forgotten to history until the researcher Lynn H. Nicholas discovered documentation of their achievements. Why do we not treat the Monuments Men like heroes? And why have we not learned from their example to ensure that priceless works of art and culture are not at risk of destruction?
In a lecture titled “Protecting cultural property in conflict. Critical responsibility or unnecessary, impossible, distraction?”, the UNESCO Chair in Cultural Property and Peace at Newcastle University, Peter Stone raises this issue of heritage preservation again. As also the Chair of the UK Committee of the Blue Shield, an organisation devoted to protection of the world’s cultural property, Stone draws attention to the contradictions within our modernising world – the fact that we have better technological and communication capabilities, and yet we see more and more heritage items at risk from various external forces. Especially in a country like Australia, where there is no fear of warfare or civil unrest, other issues still present a threat to cultural objects. Powerful influences such as the military, education and city planning can and should have a larger impact on the protection of cultural heritage, and the enforcement of standards when disagreements arise between public and private interests.
What is CCP?
CCP is an acronym for Cultural Property Protection. It is a cross-disciplinary approach created by academics and stakeholders, in order to raise awareness about protecting cultural heritage. In the current day, CCP is increasingly becoming a part of military procedure so that armed forces are aware and responsible for items of cultural significance during periods of conflict. The key tenets of this process are: integration of CCP training into military regimen, creating specific training to locations where military forces will be in action, ensuring military forces are held accountable for CCP procedures during the conflict itself, and aiding local communities with ‘stabilisation’ practices when conflict ceases. The Blue Shield Organisation is one of many key groups involved with creating this four-tier approach. This organisation has, since 1996, protected world heritage from all types of disasters. A branch of the Blue Shield Organisation is currently operating in Australia.
Although Australians can live free of worries about warfare or violent conflict, there is still a risk to cultural heritage which exists in our country. Recently, the impacts of climate change has created concerns about frequency and severity of natural disasters, and the cultural heritage sector has been hard at work to raise awareness about how priceless artworks and artifacts may be better preserved in the case of these natural forces. Despite the unsung nature of cultural protection and restoration, efforts of groups like the Blue Shield Organisation have ensured that cultural heritage is always a prominent topic of discussion, and that all Australians recognise the value and necessity of protecting our cultural monuments.
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