This post is about to talk about eight regular types of protein tags for your reference.
HIS
His tag is one of the most popular protein tags. His6 refers to a fusion tag composed of six histidine residues that can be inserted at the C-terminus or N-terminus of the protein of interest. When a tag is used, one is able to constitute an epitope that facilitates purification and detection; the other is to constitute a unique structural feature (binding ligand) that facilitates purification. The side chain of histidine residue has strong attraction with solid nickel, which can be used for immobilized metal chelate chromatography (IMAC) to separate and purify the recombinant protein.
Flag-tag
The FLAG-tagged protein is a hydrophilic polypeptide (DYKDDDDK) encoding 8 amino acids, and the Kozak sequence constructed in the vector makes the fusion protein with FLAG more efficient in eukaryotic expression system.
AviTag
It is a short peptide of 15 amino acids with a single biotinylated lysine site, which is completely different from the known natural biotinylated sequence and can be added to the N- and C-termini of the target protein. After fusion expression, it can be biotinylated by biotin ligase. In order to purify recombinant protein, low-affinity monomeric avidin or avidin derivative is selected, which is used for protein isolation and purification as well as protein interaction study.
SNAP-Tag
SNAP-tag was obtained from human O6-methylguanine-DNA methyl transfer (O6-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase). The active thiol site of SNAP accepts the side chain phenyl group carried by phenylmethylguanine and releases guanine. The covalent binding of this new thioether bond allows the target protein carried by SNAP to carry the label carried by the phenylmethyl group.
By mixing the purified or unpurified SNAP-Tag fusion protein with the matrix immobilized with phenylmethylguanine on the surface, the protein can specifically interact with the substrate and form covalent bonds. The fusion protein is indirectly immobilized on the surface of the matrix, which can achieve a more convenient and rapid study of protein function or protein purification.
GST (glutathione thioltransferase)
The GST-tagged protein itself is a transferase that plays an important role in detoxification, and its native size is 26 kD. GST fusion expression systems are widely used for the expression of various fusion proteins, which can be expressed in host cells such as E. coli and yeast. Bound fusion proteins were eluted with 10 mM reduced glutathione under native conditions. GST tags can be conveniently detected by enzymatic assays or immunoassays. Tags help protect recombinant proteins from degradation by extracellular proteases and improve their stability.
GFP
GFP (green fluorescent protein) was discovered in jellyfish by Hamamura et al. It fluoresces green when excited by light in the blue wavelength range. The GFP tag can be located at the C-terminus or N-terminus of the protein, and this system has been widely used in various cell types, including bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells, and the corresponding GFP-tagged antibodies have also been widely used. GFP plays an important role in the detection of protein expression, protein and cell fluorescence tracing, and the study of protein interactions and conformational changes.
Regular c-Myc
C-Myc tagged protein, a small 11-amino acid tag, is expressed as an epitope in a different protein frame to recognize its corresponding antibody. C-Myc tag has been successfully used in Western-blot hybridization, immunoprecipitation and flow cytometry to detect the expression of recombinant proteins in target cells.
Luciferase
It is derived from the luciferin in the organism, and the common ones are firefly luciferase, renilla luciferase and guassia luciferase. These luciferases are used in molecular biology studies as "reporter proteins", a technique known as reporter gene assay or luciferase assay. Unlike common fusion protein tags, reporter constructs using luciferase can be used for quantitative analysis of the target gene. It is therefore commonly used to study the function and regulation of promoters, miRNA 3′UTR clones, because their regulation of the target gene can be gradual, rather than simple on and off states.
Apple has made iOS 14 available for its users.
Users can now get alerts about certain sounds in their surroundings on their Apple devices such as iPhone, iPad, or iPod Touch.
Apple significantly focused on the complete update to make it easier to use and tweak according to the users’ preferences.Sound Recognition is one of the recent accessibility options provided by the company.
Although this feature has been developed for the users who have hearing-problem, many other users can also take advantage of this feature that may want to know the details regarding certain noises in their surroundings.Should you enable Sound RecognitionSound Recognition plays an important role by listening to the user’s surroundings for essential sounds that the user may not have heard.
The Sound Recognition feature plays a vital role in alerting the user to a few sounds.
So, even if you are not suffering from hearing-issue, it is still worth enabling this feature.
These items not only can save your time but also serve you with the healthiest of foods and other items.
A recently concluded survey indicates that the levels of tin detected in the edibles packed in tin cans were lower than found a few years ago.
This was an amazing fact associated with the tin food cans and general line cans widely used for the packaging of numberless food items across the globe.
The canning procedure might vary in various cases depending upon the nature of the item to be packed.
The items go through the following 3 major steps:ProcessingEach item is properly washed using sophisticated washers and then peeled, cut, and chopped.
There are some fruits and vegetables that might need to be blanched before they are packed in tin food cans.
E-commerce - CEO and Founder of the Website Nadiem Makarim came to the Presidential Palace Complex, Jakarta, today (21/10) and wearing a white shirt.
Although not commenting directly related to the presence of Buttons in the Palace, Chairman of the Association of E-Commerce Indonesia (idEA) Ignatius Untung hope, the strategy of ‘fuel money’ is set.
(Read: Ahead of the Announcement of the Cabinet, Nadiem, Mahfud & Regent of Minahasa to the Palace)
Therefore, for these businesses in the industry of the digital economy related to many stakeholders such as the Ministry of Communications and Information technology (Mcit), Ministry of Trade (Mot), Ministry of Finance (Mof), and Ministry of Coordinator of Economy.
Third, improve the quality of Human Resources (HR).
In fact, according to communication between the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education related to the program of Digital Talent Scholarship has not been so good.
Escrow services have begun to play a very important role in the community of the block chain and the network of the blockchain went about their tasks differently.
Start service escrow Bitcoin is one that can be profitable, but there are certain principles that need to know the Creator of the service, and should be knowledge on how operate service escrow-based cryptocurrency.
