What are Cataracts?
Cataracts are a condition where the clear natural lens of your eyes turns cloudy. This prevents sufficient light from entering your eye, causing it to be scattered and blocked. This causes a vision impairment, which will interfere with daily activities as vision deteriorates. Things will look blurry, hazy or colors might not appear as bright as they used to.
Some symptoms are as listed:
- Vision that is Clouded, blurred or dim
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Sensitivity to light and glare
- Seeing halos around lights
- The need for bright light when reading and performing other tasks
- Fading or yellowing of colors
- Double vision in one eye
It usually occurs due to aging. However, it may also be caused by family history, having had an eye injury, surgery or radiation treatments on the upper body, certain existing medical conditions or spending a lot of time in the sun. Factors like obesity, smoking, and hypertension are also probable causes of cataracts.
Types of Cataracts
There are 4 main types of cataracts.
- Nuclear Cataracts
- Cortical Cataracts
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
- Congenital Cataracts
Nuclear Cataracts
Known to be the most common cataract surgery in Singapore., the center of the lens, also known as the nucleus, starts to harden and turn yellow, slowly increasing in radius. Some people might feel that their near vision improves temporarily because of the eye's ability to focus on changes. This might cause difficulty in driving as well as seeing in places with a lack of light. As the cataract slowly progresses, the lens may even turn brown. This will cause difficulty in distinguishing shades of color.
Cortical Cataracts
Cortical Cataracts are white, wedge-shaped opacities or streaks that form from the outer edge of the lens cortex and grow inwards. This causes light to scatter and increases glare and halos, especially at night or in the rain. This typically occurs in the lens cortex, which is the part surrounding the central nucleus.
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
These cataracts start as a small opaque area that forms on the back surface of the lens, obstructing the path of light. It will interfere with reading vision. There might be halos or glares around lights or a smudge around their vision. Posterior Subcapsular cataracts develop faster than other types.
Congenital Cataracts
These are cataracts that affect people when they are born, or when cataracts develop during childhood. These may be genetic or associated with an infection or trauma. Sometimes the cause may not be known, but it will usually be removed after detection.
Nuclear CataractsCortical Cataracts Posterior Capsular Cataract
Who usually gets Cataracts?
Usually, cataracts are more common among older people, although cataracts can happen at any stage of life. Cataracts are one of the biggest causes of vision loss in people over 40. Nuclear Cataracts are usually associated with aging, while Cortical Cataracts occur commonly in Diabetic patients. Posterior Subcapsular cataracts are also often seen types in diabetics or those who consume oral steroids. Congenital Cataracts affect children either when they are born, or it develops a couple of years later when they are much older.
Can it be cured?
Vision can be restored if surgery is carried out, as the lens causing issues with opaque spots and clouding of vision can be removed, and replaced by an intraocular lens (IOL).
Types of Surgery
There are a total of 3 types of surgery, where 2 are mostly used. They are:
- Phacoemulsification.
- Extracapsular Cataract Surgery.
- Intracapsular Cataract Surgery.
Phacoemulsification is the most common surgical procedure for cataracts. A small incision is made at the side of the cornea, which is the clear dome-shaped surface that covers the front eye. This procedure is usually carried out by a cataract surgeon, but currently, with the advancement of technology, there is the option to choose laser-assisted cataract surgery or even bladeless laser cataract surgery.
The usual procedure is for doctors to insert a probe into the eye which emits ultrasound waves to soften and break the lens up for removal by suction. With laser-assisted or bladeless laser cataract surgery, the incision is made by a laser which is near to perfect. Then, the machine uses a laser to soften and break up the lens, to reduce the energy needed to remove the cataract. This will have a reduced risk of burning and distorting the incision. For the bladeless laser surgery, the whole procedure is 100% carried out by precise technology. This is available as an option for cataract surgery in Singapore.
Extracapsular Cataract Surgery is a procedure used in the case of highly advanced cataracts, which are too dense for phacoemulsification. For this procedure, a slightly larger incision on the side of the cornea is needed so that the cataract can be removed in one piece instead of being fragmented within the eye. The rest of the lens is removed by suction. Through this, the front capsule and cloudy lens comprising the cataract will be removed, leaving the back capsule to hold the artificial lens. Sutures will be needed to close the wound if it is much larger, which would result in a slower recovery of the wound as well as the function to see.
The last procedure is Intracapsular Cataract Surgery, which is now rarely used. It has an even larger incision compared to the previous two procedures. In this surgery, the entire lens with the surrounding capsule is removed. Sutures will be needed to close the flap.
Type of surgery features.
Phacoemulsification.
Or.
Laser-assisted cataract surgery/ Bladeless laser cataract surgery is most common.
Sutures not needed.
Faster rate of recovery.
Higher precision rates (for laser).
Extracapsular Cataract SurgeryHighly advanced cataracts.
Sutures not needed if incision isn't very big.
Recovery process takes 1-2 weeks.
Intracapsular Cataract SurgeryLeast common.
Huge incision.
Sutures needed.
After the cataract in the lens has been removed, an artificial lens will be implanted into the eye, completing the procedure. There are 4 types of intraocular lenses (IOL).
- Monofocal.
- Advanced Monofocal.
- Multifocal.
- Accommodative.
Monofocal provides good vision at a specific distance. However, reading glasses might be required for reading.
Advanced Monofocal has Aspheric and Toric lenses. Aspheric lenses provide a better vision that is sharper especially in poor lighting conditions. Toric lenses treat astigmatism, which reduces the need for spectacles for distance vision. It is available as an option for both eyes for full distance correction, or Monovision using mono-focal lenses. This means that the IOL power is chosen for good distance vision in one eye and good near vision in the other.
Multifocal provides good vision without glasses. For the best results, it should be used in both eyes. Multifocal Toric IOL is still available, but they also incorporate the astigmatism correction.
Accommodative provides good distance and intermediate vision without glasses. This should also be used in both eyes.
Conclusion.
The lens chosen is dependent on the kind of lifestyle that you have and see which one fits your needs better. There is no age limit to anyone seeking to get cataract surgery. For young children and babies, instead of using a probe to break down the lens, suction will be inserted to remove the cataract. In the past, there might be more opportunities for human error as this surgery requires precision and it can be quite tricky with the lack of technology. Now with the quick advancement of technology, this has allowed patients now to go through cataract surgery with peace of mind as the procedure has been proven to be safe with more technology-aided tools.
What Exactly Is LASIK Eye Surgery?LASIK, which stands for laser-assisted in situ keratomileuses, is a quick, minimally-invasive refractive surgery that reshapes the cornea to correct near-sightedness, far-sightedness or astigmatism (a defect in the eye resulting in distorted vision).For LASIK patients, says common LASIK symptoms include dry eyes, visual distortions, and light sensitivity.
"Severe eye pain has been attributed to about 1 out of 10,000 surgeries and needs to be considered by the patient before undergoing LASIKiDesign iLasikLasik surgery equipment for cataract and presbyopia powered by design Lasik surgery equipment for cataract and presbyopia powered by iDesignOur Lasik Surgeon's 3 Steps Laser Vision CorrectionStep 1: iDesign ™ Advanced WavescanThe iDesign Advanced Waves System provide the greatest precision on measuring irregularities in the eyeThe iDesign Advanced Waves System provide the greatest precision on measuring irregularities in the eyeiDesign ™ is the world's most advanced Wavefront-Guided AberrometerThe iDesign ™ Advanced Wavescan system scans each eye over the pupil using 1257 data points to measure the wavefront of the eye, creating a unique map for treatment.
In addition to achieving spectacle independence, it improves visual quality and contrast sensitivity significantly in dim-light conditions.Step 2: Intralase Bladeless Flap CreationThe gold-standard for modern LASIK flap creation is the bladeless technique using a femtosecond (iFS) laser system, also known as "All-Laser LASIK".Step 3: VISX Star S4 IR Excimer LaserIris Registration is necessary to compensate for cyclotorsion that occurs when the patient goes from the upright to the lying down positionWavefront-Guided treatment by VISX Star S4 IR ™ gives superior outcomes because the treatment uses iris recognition (IR) that ensures delivery of a well-centered treatment and variable spot-scanning that is more tissue-saving.
The excimer laser treatment is applied under the corneal flap.ViSX Star Excimer laser entirely eliminates myopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism.Why Choose Dr. David GohDr.
You will meet Dr. Goh at your consultation and he will personally examine your eyes, advise on the most suitable treatment options available, and perform your treatment.
Dr Goh is a strong user of Artificial-Intelligence in eye surgeries and believes that the combination of the surgeon and his machines is the biggest factor for the best outcome in Eye treatments.
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The Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 gives an evaluation of the market developments based on historical studies and comprehensive research respectively.
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According to a research report "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market by Assessment Type (Pen- and Paper-Based, Hosted, Biometrics), Component, Application (Clinical Trial, Screening & Diagnostics, Brain Training, Academic Research), Vertical, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021", published by MarketsandMarkets, the cognitive assessment and training market size is expected to grow from USD 1.98 Billion in 2016 to USD 8.06 Billion by 2021, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32.3%.Browse 63 market data tables and 47 figures spread through 150 pages and in-depth TOC on "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market - Global Forecast to 2021"The major forces driving this market are aging global population, increasing awareness about brain fitness, and advancements in technology.
The growing market for cognitive solutions and increasing demand for brain training by next-generation tech-savvy population are contributing to the growth of the cognitive assessment and training market.Download PDF Brochure: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=1039Clinical trials in terms of application is expected to hold the largest market share in the cognitive assessment and training market during the forecast periodClinical trials are mainly used to identify, measure, or monitor cognitive impairments and cognitive changes.
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The leading cognitive assessment and training vendors for this vertical are Pearson Assessment and CogniFit.North America is expected to contribute to the largest market share and Asia-Pacific to grow at the highest CAGRNorth America is expected to hold the largest market share and to dominate the cognitive assessment and training market from 2016 to 2021, due to the increasing awareness among population about adopting medication for cognitive diseases.
The new generation in this region is more concerned toward the benefits of cognitive training, which is not just limited to patients with cognitive dysfunctions.
