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How to Strike the Right Balance with Information Density?

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Pratik Mistry
How to Strike the Right Balance with Information Density?

Minimalist design does not always equate to good design. As designers rush to reduce the complexity of the interfaces they happen to be working on, they sometimes fall into the rut of oversimplifying content and interactions resulting in an effective and un-impactful user journey.  

Current trends involve designers striving towards aesthetic simplicity, but that does not mean a forceful reduction of usable elements and functionality in the website or app being developed. Good design, even when dense, steers clear from complexity and yet encapsulates all the required info and features of the website or app. 

Read on as we cover what information density is and how you, as a designer, can strike the right balance between overly simplistic and overtly crowded design while building web and mobile applications. 

What is information density? 

Often termed as 'data-ink,' information density is the amount of informational content included in an interface. Information density is measured by contending available space with the displayed information. The ultimate goal is to find the golden ratio between design and context instead of mere surface simplicity. 

On digital screens, elements like static/interactive content, microcopy, buttons, controls, and infographics- basically anything that is instructive, navigational, or usable instead of purely aesthetic components. 

There is no universal rule that dictates the 'perfect' level of information density. The appeal of an interface depends on how well the web development company has managed context, content, audience catch-points, and screen size. 

But with the many screen sizes available today, the designer's job becomes a tad bit harder. A web application that appears to have an ideal density on a desktop screen may look crowded and dense on a mobile screen. Shoehorning web applications onto mobile screens just doesn't work. Issues regarding usability and comprehension can arise if the information density of the app isn't tailored to the screen size. 

More than just simplifying busy designs, web development services should be able to manage complexity tactfully. Here are a few tips for product teams to find the ideal information density for web and mobile interfaces to assist this process.  

Managing information density for app design 

   1. Create context through detailing 

Stellar interface design creates a context for users to understand the navigations and user routes present within the interface. While many prevalent schools of thought aim at removing all extra design elements, sometimes overt reduction can be detrimental to context creation.  

While designing interfaces at low fidelity, incorporating high-fidelity content like microcopy, help text, key data, etc., can add functional and aesthetic value. 

Maintaining visual hierarchy is also of prime importance, given that it helps a viewer navigate through your interface.   

   2. Maintain consistent density across screen sizes 

Many interfaces that looked appealing on a mobile screen turn out to look sparse and vacant on desktops. 

As a web app development company, you must create patterns for responsive elements and content behavior while maintaining similar density levels across screen sizes, in other words, known as responsive web design.  

A mobile interface doesn't need to be sparse to be considered appealing. Traditional content stacking conventions lead to excessively long pages on mobile devices.  

   3. Use minimum text and touch target sizes as boundaries 

Content takes the lead over aesthetics when it comes to adding value to an interface. Accessibility standards serve as excellent guidelines to keep interfaces from becoming overly dense. 

Although there aren't any set rules for font size, 12px is considered a good minimum for interface and body text. 

Mobile touch target sizes detailed by Google's Material Design spec are set at 48px square. While the actual element can be smaller, the clickable area should be 48px square. 

   4. Conduct comprehension design testing 

In some cases, density determines user comprehension and interface interactivity; but there is a clear breaking point. All of us have come across sites/apps that are just too crowded for our liking, and even if the content on it is of value, we tend to search for the same content elsewhere to steer clear of the said site/app. 

To stay on the safe side, usability and comprehension testing of your site/app are necessary. 

While testing dense interfaces, product teams should keep an eye out for how easily users can move between summaries and detailed views, whether the context is retained post clicking, and if exploration is easy. 

The product team needs to check if users are scrolling where the designer wants them to. Scrolling is considered more effortless than clicking or tabbing. Therefore, including interactive visual narratives in scroll sections can enhance the appeal of your site/app.   

Points to consider are whether the information displayed assists a user's cognitive efforts. If a site or an app places duress on the user to learn too much too soon, the user's working memory will reach the point of exhaustion, and he will lose interest in the interface.  

In summation 

It is necessary to understand how a user perceives the interface's density while using it. This is a complex process as perceptions of density are unique to each individual, with broad segregations based on age, education, cognitive ability, and tech-savviness. First impressions from users of an interface's mock-up can help designers build an appealing interface that caters to all segments.  

As a parting note, we would like to state that users' aversion to high-density interfaces is their dislike of poorly executed information density. Designs described as being 'busy' or 'cluttered' are ineffectual in leading the user on an engaging journey through the interface/page. 

The issue is not the volume of the content displayed but the way it is displayed. Web development solutions should Reframe complexity as a design problem and not as a content problem resulting in data-rich interfaces.  

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