It's an aldehyde well this starts off as a cation you're going to go to aldehyde obviously that is not a reduction it's an oxidation so we're going to add water to the neural cation and then we're going to oxidize it so we added water here uh moving the double bond over we'd have an alcohol then we oxidized that alcohol so the real question um comes up then is how in the world do we do that oxidation what's that oxidation all about well i want to talk a little bit about some of uh nature's other reagents that he uses and one really com common one are the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide uh Buy Terpenes which is called nad nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nad and basically it's an adenine up here where our uh with uh uh uh this at this special pyridine up here so here's the ending down here it's linked by phosphate linkage to this this this weird substituted pyridinium ion up here now this pyridinium ion is uh uh uh kind of unique because it's it's a cation and it's very susceptible to reduction and indeed this can pick up a hydride.
We're not going to talk too much about where the hydride comes from but it can pick up a hydride and it can form this compound called nadh where i'm just abbreviating the r group with all this lower stuff and this nadh this is a reversible reaction because it can pick up a hydride it can deliver a hydride so it turns out that this can use to be used to either oxidize or reduce various molecules if it's going to reduce of course it's going to True Terpenes deliver a hydride if it's if it's going to if it's going to do an oxidation it's going to rip a hydride out of another molecule it's going to be a it's going to pick up hydrides and that indeed is what it does and so you can imagine uh using this as a way of oxidizing or reducing a carbonyl alcohol to an alcohol or back back and forth reduction of the carbonyl to an alcohol oxidation of the alcohol to the to the carbonyl.
So if you deliver a hydride to the carbon of the carbonyl and then a proton to the oxygen you've done the reduction on the other hand and that's what's going to be done in this particular case that we're talking about on the other hand if you've got your alcohol if you rip a hydride off the carbon and steal the proton you'll go back to the carbonyl so this actually works both ways and hydride abstraction and delivery is what uh nad plus and nadh is all about now there there there is another another variation of this which is called nadp plus which the the difference is is down here at where at the bottom where i have x and nad that's just a proton but on nad plus they put on yet Terpenes for sale another phosphate our nature puts on another phosphate and uh it works the same way and sometimes the nad plus is used sometimes nadp plus is used it's it just varies from of that from time to time and indeed in this particular example it's nadp uh plus which is used for oxidation so we're going to do an oxidation and it's it's from the narrow cation so it's nadp plus is the oxidation uh uh with that where that we're going to use so this thing will like well basically how does it work work again it it's it's it's uh it's going it's going to uh extract the hydride from the carbon on from the alcohol.
We will discuss in the second module there's new thank you mom thank you so very much for giving us this productive session on terpenoids and difference we will be meeting again at tomorrow and would be discussing more till then take care goodbye and guess do write to us at info dot CC at an icy Dalton if Buy Terpenes you have any query or feedback thank you, mom, thank you once again in this lecture we are going to discuss the basic terminologies involves intervenes and terpenoids we will see the definitions examples various structures and classification of terpenoids we will also see how this isoprene rule is useful in understanding the complexity of structure software pins and terpenoids terpenes and terpenoids are the natural products and these natural products are mainly synthesized from the plants this terpenes and terpenoids are made up of the isoprene unit, in other words, this isoprene molecule is found to be a repeating unit in the structure softer piece and terpenoids.
When these compounds contain carbon and hydrogen it is called a Turkey's it contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen then it is called as that unites in other words the oxygen it forms of the Tirpitz is called as terpenoids in the literature more than 23,000 terpenes are known we find various applications of terpenes in our everyday life let us see some of the examples the first example is of my recent molecule my Racine is an acyclic molecule containing 3 double bonds in n content state number of carbon atoms it is true Terpenes a major constituent of belief I believe here and belief is used as a spice for making Indian curries second example is of Alpha philandering alpha villain rain is a mono-cyclic compound containing two double bonds it's a puma and under the time it is a constituent of equipped as oil and equipped as i is having some medicine importance this is a structure of gear on yours.
Which is present in rose oil alpha menthol is present menthol is present in the leaves of papermate alpha terminal is present in the states of cardamom these three examples contain oxygen in the form of alcohol functional robits of primary alcohols a secondary code etcetera local and since it contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen they will be called as terpenoids let us take few more examples of terpenoids this is a molecule of carbon it is a alpha beta it is an alpha beta unsaturated ketone it is present in caraway seeds and caraway seeds is a main constituent of spices this is a structure of Jenga billion molecule and Jenga brain contains 15 number of carbon atoms there are three double bond is a woman Willard I'm and this Jenga barium is a main constituents in ginger the presence male of lemon is due to presence of bitter pin Corliss signal signal is an alpha beta and such a lead and hear it again contains ten number of carbon atoms these are the structures of Terpenes for sale alpha-pinene and the pita pine in both of them are by cyclic structure and this alpha pnina and beta Pilon is having some historical importance in the asian days from african jungle people they are extracting from presence of pine trees and the distillation of this reasons of pine tree leads to a chemical or less turpentine and turpentine contains alpha piney and the beta pine and has major constituents so because of the turpentine oil.
If you were watching some water boil you're gonna see some water that's still in the pot and then you're gonna see this steam that's above it and but it's boiling right so it's at the boiling point and what that really means is that if you were to measure right at the interface of the Buy Terpenes liquid with the gas it's at equilibrium at this point right here so that's what boiling point actually means within all of these compounds have a temperature at which they're gonna be at that equilibrium so here are the temperatures for these various compounds and what you need to know is that when you Oh cannabis and you light a pipe or whatever with a butane lighter the combustion temperature of butane is 2,000 degrees Celsius and so you can see that is quite well above the boiling point of these compounds so you might just think okay well I'm gonna burn it so I'm just gonna get more of them by burning it and is that really true.
Because what we know is that as things get hotter and you add more heat to any system there's an increased chance of chemical reactions occurring in the matrix so things joining together or they're just gonna be decomposed thermally so the thought that you're actually really getting all of these terpenes by smoking is probably not true and somebody needs to do the experiment and measure the number of terpenes in smoke versus a vapour but I'm willing to bet that you're gonna see a huge difference so this is a True Terpenes that came out a bit later this was done by a laboratory that started out in California so these were 494 plants and they represented 35 varietals so often they had about five to six replicates of each varietal they didn't necessarily have come from all the same grower but when they did a principal component analysis looking at the cannabinoid content and the terpene content.
and then they plotted them.
You can see that for the most part everything clustered really closely together and what this represents is a loss of biodiversity and so has as growers breeders producers selected mutant plant varietals for high THC content they also lost the diversity in the terpene content as well what they show in the circled areas are just three varietals that did seem to sort of separate out those were Harlequin which probably separated out for its CBD content and then two other varietals called trainwreck and Jack Herer and they come their conclusion of the paper was is that the current vernacular nomenclature classifying cannabis chemo vars and sativa or indica is scientifically indefensible and yet we consider continue to use these terms sativa and indica which I call urban Terpenes for sale legend and so they said no distinct sativa group emerged or clustered independently from sativa so they couldn't find any difference you know they they took that into account when they did their analysis whether the plant varietal was told to them to be a sativa or an indica so what we're often talking about in using cannabis is really trichome harvesting and so tripe trichomes are on many many plants as we discussed earlier that the largest plant compound class in the world and there's a lot of different methods of harvesting trichomes dry process is usually called kief dry ice finger hash you can process it in cold water which is also called a hash or bubble or ice wax.
And also copaiba balsam it has a good anti-inflammatory activity at low level and can be good in a topical product Linh Elul is chirping that is common in lavender and many people are familiar with lavender it's become very popular lavender pillows very nice relaxing smell for a lot of folks it's believed that Linda lue mod modulates glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters so largely responsible for some of the anti-anxiety effects of it and also it is a sedative on inhalation and in a rodent model so we talked about earlier on limonene in a rodent model getting the animals to move faster the lin Ahlul will slow them down and it is an analgesic via adenosine receptors so is working on a different Hemp derived Terpenes pathway from the prostaglandins that a lot of the other terpenes run on I think of this as a sedative something that along with mere scene can really help with a couch lock and again the terpenes can be present in the cannabis plant or they can come from another plant.
Buy Terpenes the RIGHT way Such as lavender we don't necessarily need to have them together I don't recommend this but some folks will actually pepper not pepper in but some folks will actually sprinkle in some a little bit of lavender flower and with their smoke to add a little bit of a flavor I don't I don't know very much about the smoking of lavender but from a terpene perspective that certainly make sense on one level but again a regular lavender diffuser in the atmosphere or even a lavender candle or something like that can have a positive influence in the room for patients or recreational users who are using cannabis again this is something that tends to be calming and sleep inducing so think couch lock think a sleep aid that kind of thing I do think we have a shortage of experts in the field and and and this specialized knowledge is important too because it's not about whether or not cannabis works a lot of the times it's how to get it to work better or best.
The Terpene Institute And when we have a shortage of experts the market doesn't behave like it should because the consumers are not experiencing the positive effects that they could be experiencing if they are getting good education and good advice and again this being a plant it's a very fuzzy thing as you can see from all the information in our videos here little things make a difference so what is important is quality of products good selection of products folks who can make good recommendations for those products and then consumers who are educated enough to make intelligent choices to choose a product a B or C and to try them out and see which one may work best for them so I do think that the whole industry suffers with a lack of expertise and I hope that part of what we're doing here is to kind of raise the overall level of awareness so that people can make good choices out there for this botanical so again with botanical medicine there are so many things to consider and it is not so much having an ideal perfect product but having the patient be aware and be able to make choices and adjustments so again knowledge is a very critical thing and that's one of the things we're here doing it medical marijuana for one one you
The Global PVC Window Profile Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 gives an evaluation of the market developments based on historical studies and comprehensive research respectively.
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The Global Polyvinyl Alcohol Fibers Market Research Report - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2026 gives an evaluation of the market developments based on historical studies and comprehensive research respectively.
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According to a research report "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market by Assessment Type (Pen- and Paper-Based, Hosted, Biometrics), Component, Application (Clinical Trial, Screening & Diagnostics, Brain Training, Academic Research), Vertical, and Region - Global Forecast to 2021", published by MarketsandMarkets, the cognitive assessment and training market size is expected to grow from USD 1.98 Billion in 2016 to USD 8.06 Billion by 2021, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 32.3%.Browse 63 market data tables and 47 figures spread through 150 pages and in-depth TOC on "Cognitive Assessment and Training Market - Global Forecast to 2021"The major forces driving this market are aging global population, increasing awareness about brain fitness, and advancements in technology.
The growing market for cognitive solutions and increasing demand for brain training by next-generation tech-savvy population are contributing to the growth of the cognitive assessment and training market.Download PDF Brochure: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=1039Clinical trials in terms of application is expected to hold the largest market share in the cognitive assessment and training market during the forecast periodClinical trials are mainly used to identify, measure, or monitor cognitive impairments and cognitive changes.
The assessment of cognitive functions is an integral part of decision-making during clinical drug development, as certain drugs can have an impact on the cognitive capabilities of the brain.
The market is expected to contribute the highest revenue for vendors offering clinical trials.Education vertical is expected to grow at the highest CAGR in the marketCognitive assessment solutions and services are used in the education vertical for screening prospective candidates for schools or colleges.
The leading cognitive assessment and training vendors for this vertical are Pearson Assessment and CogniFit.North America is expected to contribute to the largest market share and Asia-Pacific to grow at the highest CAGRNorth America is expected to hold the largest market share and to dominate the cognitive assessment and training market from 2016 to 2021, due to the increasing awareness among population about adopting medication for cognitive diseases.
The new generation in this region is more concerned toward the benefits of cognitive training, which is not just limited to patients with cognitive dysfunctions.
