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Introduction To Dupont Analysis | Explanation, Components, Models & Example with Calculation

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Introduction To Dupont Analysis | Explanation, Components, Models & Example with Calculation

The DuPont Analysis tool assesses the ability of a company to improve its Return on Equity (ROE), which measures the profitability of a business with respect to equity. The analysis came up as a blessing for investors and financial analysts as it helps them decompose the factors leading to profits and thereby enhance the same for better performance in the future.

Explanation

DuPont Analysis helps a business be aware of the contribution of each part of the ROE in determining its growth and profitability. Therefore, it is considered the fundamental tool for a performance assessment that analyses different parameters and factors affecting investor returns.

For example, when the net profit margin of a company is more, it is difficult to say whether it is the increased revenue that has led to the enhanced profits or reduced expenses or costs. DuPont Analysis is the technique that can help a business identify the contribution of revenue and expenses individually to assess their performance separately. As a result, companies get an opportunity to improve the performance of all individual factors accordingly.

The Components

The Return on Equity on which the entire DuPont Analysis is based is divided into the following components:

Profit Margin

Net Profit Margin is the ratio of net sales to revenue. It is the measure of the profitability of a business.

The profit margin of a business is affected positively by either the decrease in the owner cost or the increase in the prices. This is why the volatility of stocks of a particular company fluctuates with the change in its costs, prices, or other guidelines.

Asset Turnover

Asset turnover measures the efficiency with which businesses utilize assets to generate revenue.

This ratio helps assess the performance of two companies having similar characteristics.

Financial Leverage

Financial leverage is a liquidity ratio that indicates the total capital being funded by shareholders and by debt. It is expressed as:

Where,

Equity = Assets – Liabilities

The Models

The Dupont analysis models are available in three forms. All three forms, however, are derived from the very basic ROE expression:

Three-Step Model

The three-step model can be derived from the above equation by multiplying Asset Turnover and Financial Leverage Ratios.

Thus, the Three-Step DuPont Analysis indicates that when the ROE of a company is high, it is either because of the increase in the Net Profit Margin Asset Turnover or increased debt capital.

Five-Step Model

The Five-Step model is derived from the two-step model formula of ROE, i.e.:

Example with Calculation

Let’s say DuPont Analysis is to be used to check which company between A and B is performing better. Which one is a better performer?

To do so, here are the details to know, which have already been shared:

Company ACompany BNet profit margin = 35Net profit margin = 28Asset Turnover Ratio = 0.5Asset Turnover Ratio = 0.5Financial leverage ratio = 0.8Financial leverage ratio = 1

Example Answer: Though the ROE of both the companies is the same, the DuPont analysis still helps to figure out the better performer, which is company A in this context. Why?

Answer Explanation: Net Profit Margin of Company A is better than B and requires LOWER leverage than Company B to complete. Hence it can be concluded that with even lower leverage, Company A performs better

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