In the last few years, most of us would have gone on to churn in considerable time with training along with software development teams. All of them may be in the midst of architecture. The teams would have gone on to develop the firmware in the product families or long-lived products. But to keep moving forward and reduce bugs an embedded system happens to be the need of the hour. It gives a new outline of the system architecture.
All this is taken into consideration that the team is known to work in a wide range of industries. Though there are numerous ways by which a client would have benefitted if they have gone on to set up system architecture in place from the very beginning. Irrespective of the fact whether you are designing system architecture on your own or remodelling the architecture on your own to be on the right foot a step-by-step process is to be followed.
Outline the requirements
Before we go on to remodel a system architecture first and foremost, we need to have an idea about the requirements. The properly defined requirements indicate the what of the product. An example is if the product is a ventilator how soon the ventilator can resume its operations and how much power it would consume.
Every requirement statement needs to consider a couple of things, testable and unambiguous. Coming to the latter it does not require any further explanation as this turns out to be concise and as clear as far as possible. If you feel that the system requires any form of the mathematical model of an expected behaviour system it does make send to include equations as part of the embedded hardware module.
The feature of testability is important. Once you feel that a requirement is written properly you can easily go on to construct to ensure that it is met properly. There may arise a need to decouple the tests from the particulars related to the implementation phase. A lot of organizations end up undertaking extensive testing for the wrong stuff. If there exists any form of coupling between the implementation and the test works out to be problematic
Separate design from architecture
In due course of time, it has gone on to emerge that a lot of designers end up struggling to segregate the various layers of firmware engineering. Coming to the architecture it goes on to describe the outer layer of How. Here you may find that the architecture is a hard one to alter and it is something that has to be got through careful thinking related to the permissible uses of the product. An example is an architecture goes on to describe a new office building broadly. But the number of rooms on each floor with their specification is of no use to an architect.
An implementation happens to be the lowest layer of How. Other than the source code or schematics there is no document necessary to describe the implementation details. If you are able to define the interfaces at the design level, then it means the implementation of various components in parallel. In a lot of ways, it is similar to a carpenter or a plumber who happens to be working in a nearby space.
Managing the CPU time
A few of the product requirements are going to an explicit considerable amount of time. Let us go back to our earlier requirement of a ventilator that would require 250 MS of power up as this happens to be a timeless requirement to be met. Architecture should be able to comply with this deadline easily as certainly, it would be able to fulfil the same. Most of the products are known to combine a mixture of non-time, non-real along with hard time-real requirements. Coming to the software deadlines this turned out to be the most challenging of the lot. The best way to deal with them is to consider them as hard deadlines which is something that needs to comply on all counts. This form of a hardware solution is something to be fulfilled on all counts.
It is suggested that you keep the real-time functionality from the bulk of the software for a couple of reasons. Firstly, it goes on to simplify the design and the implementation part, and second, it makes the analysis process relatively easy. The moment you go on to complete the RMA analysis every time you incorporate a non-real-time code it is something that does not have to be reversed again.
Design for test
It goes without saying that every embedded system has to be tested. It is mandatory that testing needs to be undertaken at various levels. Among the various forms of tests, system tests are the ones that are the most developed and it is better that you go on to develop it out of the engineering department. Though it could fit into a test harness that is being developed by the engineers.
To ensure the development, maintaining the integration tests turns out to be really important. The best way to achieve the same is to architect the interactions among all the software components that you are looking to test. It is something that is based on the publish-subscribe event passing.
Planning for a change
Some of the companies are known to be using a single code base of product diversifications and feature diversity. An example is that of a microwave oven that could feature a dedicated popcorn button in one of the devices whereas in other ones that may not be the case. To plan for a change you have to be aware on the type of changes that takes place in a specific product. Then it is better to architect that firmware so that the changes can be something that is easy to make.
Below are the five steps to design an embedded software architecture. Hope the above information is of use in the days to come.
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