Endocrinology is related to hormones essential for our everyday survival. hormones secreted by endocrine glands such as pituitary, thyroid or adrenal glands not all the glands are endocrine glands some are exocrine glands like sweat glands and lymphatic glands.
journal of endocrinology:
Many diseases can cause issues in the endocrine system which to leads to health problems all over the body. common disorders are diabetes, Thyroid disorders: hypothyroidism: when thyroid gland does not produce required amount of hormones, hyperthyroidism: production of excessive amount of thyroid hormones. Hypogonadism: can cause erectile dysfunction in men. Osteoporosis: abnormal production of estrogen and testosterone hormones, polycystic ovary syndrome: Hormonal imbalance in woman which is faced by many women these days.
Hyperthyroidism: Goiter, Graves’ disease, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis are some of the common disorders
Hypothyroidism: Hashimotos disease
Surgical methods:
Adrenalectomy: surgical removal of adrenal gland in some conditions like conn syndrome, pheochromocytoma, adreno-cortical cancer,
Endoscopic thyroidectomy: Removal of a part of thyroid gland or a complete gland, lymphadenectomy, laparoscopic surgery, insulinoma enucleation,
minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: removal of parathyroid gland mostly performed in the treatment of chronic kidney failure
Mood swings, fatigue, weakness, weight fluctuation, changes in blood glucose levels in the body are some of the symptoms of disorders related to endocrine glands
It can be diagnosed by urinalysis, blood testing, ultra sound, CT scan, MRI
Diabetes is of two type’s diabetes insidious and diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia is raised glucose or raised sugar level common effects of controlled body
Diabetes retinopathy: It leads to blindness which is occurred due to accumulation of the small damaged blood vessels in the retina.
Gestational diabetes: It is hyperglycemia condition where the excessive amount of insulin is released during the pregnancy which increases the risks of complications during pregnancy and delivery and also there is a possibility to acquire type 2 diabetes for both child and mother in the future.
According to journal of diabetes. diabetes is of 2 types.
Type 2 diabetes results from the ineffective use of insulin in the body it results in the excessive body weight and physical inactivity, obesity. more than 95% of diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is due to production of insufficient insulin in the body and require administration of insulin regularly, and it is also called juvenile diabetes mostly common in children.
A diabetic patient is more prone to heart diseases. Diabetic patient should follow the healthy diet and insulin pumps are prescribed by the physicians to maintain sugar levels in the blood.
Cardiovascular issues include coronary artery disease, chest pain, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, kidney damage, kidney failure are the problems related to diabetes.
Increased thirst, weak tired feeling, blurred vision, weight loss, and frequent urination, dry mouth are some of the symptoms of diabetes.
Insulin medications used for diabetes are rapid acting insulin: it is taken 15 min before the meal examples like insulin gluisine, insulin lispro. Short acting insulin: it takes 30 min to reach the blood stream example is insulin regular. Intermediate acting insulin: insulin reach the blood stream in 2 to 4 hours example NPH.
Long-acting insulin: insulin keep blood sugar level all the day example: insulin glargine.
Tirzepatide is used for obesity treatment, combination of pharmacotherapy is used for painful diabetic neurotherapy.
Journal of endocrinology and diabetes has useful information about these disorders, their symptoms, and its treatment.
