The Java Transaction API, often known as JTA, is a standard Java application programming interface that offers a means to handle distributed transactions inside of a Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE) programme. It provides developers with the ability to design transactional applications that may access several resources simultaneously, including databases, message queues, and web services.
Transactions that are distributed use many resources, each of which may be placed on a separate system or computer. Distributed transactions require several resources. Even if there is a problem or a mistake, transactions need to be able to guarantee that all changes are either committed or rolled back uniformly across all resources. The JTA Application Programming Interface (API) offers the basis for managing transactions of this kind.
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JTA Architecture
JTA is constructed on top of the Java Transaction Service (JTS) API, which is a transaction manager that is implemented on the server-side of a distributed system. JTA was named after the Java Transaction Service. A standardised interface for managing transactions is defined by the JTS Application Programming Interface (API), which also enables a transaction manager to be spread across different servers.
The JTA Application Programming Interface (API) offers programmes a standardised access point to the transaction manager. It has a collection of interfaces and classes that make it possible for programmes to handle transactions, such as initiating, committing, and reversing them. In addition to that, the API makes it possible to inquire about the current state of a transaction and supplies transaction timeouts.
JTA TRANSACTION MANAGEMENT
Two-phase commit is a distributed transaction mechanism that JTA supports. This protocol assures that all resources are constantly updated. JTA supports this protocol. The following are the stages that make up the two-phase commit protocol:
Prepare phase:
The prepared request is sent by the transaction manager to all of the resources that are taking part in the transaction. Each partner sends back an agreement stating whether or not they will commit to the transaction.
Commit phase:
If there is consensus among all parties that the transaction should be committed, the transaction manager will issue a commit request to each individual participant. If any of the participants in the transaction do not commit their changes, the transaction will be rolled back.
Distributed transactions, in which the transaction manager is split amongst numerous servers, are another kind of transaction that may be managed by JTA. In this scenario, each server takes on the role of a resource manager and is tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the transaction process for the resources that it manages. In order to properly coordinate the transaction, the transaction manager on each server must interact with the managers on the other servers.
JTA TRANSACTION DEMARCATION
The process of establishing the parameters of a transaction is referred to as transaction demarcation. The JTA Application Programming Interface offers two different techniques to distinguish transactions:
Programmatic demarcation:
Using the JTA Application Programming Interface (API), developers manually establish the limits of the transaction in this method. When developers want control over transactions at a more granular level, this technique is helpful.
Declarative demarcation:
Declaratively defining the limits of the transaction inside the deployment descriptor or the annotations is the method used by developers when using this strategy. This method is more intuitive to use and has the potential to streamline the development process.
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JTA AND JAVA EE
All Java EE applications that need transactional support are needed to use JTA since it is a fundamental part of the platform that supports Java EE. The usage of JTA is made easier by the provision of a collection of annotations known as container-managed transactions (CMT) in Java Enterprise Edition. The transactional behaviour of a method may be specified using the annotation @Transactional, and the behaviour of a class can be specified using the annotation @TransactionAttribute.
JTA is compatible with a number of other Java EE APIs, including the Java Persistence API (JPA) and the Java Messaging Service (JMS). JPA is a Java EE application programming interface that is used to store Java objects in a data base. JMS is an API for Java EE that allows applications to send and receive messages with one another. Transactions may be supported by both JPA and JMS by using JTA in the appropriate manner.
JTA AND NON-JAVA EE ENVIRONMENTS
JTA's applicability is not restricted to Java Enterprise Edition (EE) contexts; it may also be used in other environments, such as Java Standard Edition (SE) programmes. Transactional support for applications that are not developed with Java Enterprise Edition may be created with the help of JTA and other Java technologies, such as Java Database Connectivity (JDBC).
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