The discovery that arthritic conditions resulted in a decrease in hyaluronan's average molecular weight and concentration led to the development of the therapeutic paradigm known as Viscosupplementation for the long-term relief of pain in human and animal joints with osteoarthritis or traumatic arthritis. As a result, the synovial fluid's elastoviscous qualities are significantly diminished.
Viscosupplementation is a therapeutic process in which the pathological synovial fluid or effusion is removed from the joint by arthrocentesis and is replaced with a highly purified hyaluronan solution which has a 16- to 30-times greater concentration than the pathological joint fluid, and a 2- to 5-times greater concentration than that of the hyaluronan in the healthy synovial fluid.
The fluid used in viscosupplementation is a synthetic version of the natural fluid that is found in the joint. This natural fluid, called synovial fluid, acts as a lubricant and shock absorber, allowing the joint to move smoothly and without pain. However, in people with osteoarthritis, the synovial fluid becomes thin and watery, which reduces its ability to lubricate and protect the joint. Viscosupplementation aims to replace this lost synovial fluid with a thick, viscous fluid that can provide temporary relief from the symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Viscosupplementation is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed in a doctor's office or outpatient clinic. The procedure typically takes less than 30 minutes to complete and involves the following steps: Cleaning the injection site: The doctor will clean the injection site with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection.
Numbing the area: The doctor may inject a local anesthetic to numb the area around the joint and reduce any discomfort or pain during the procedure. Inserting the needle: The doctor will insert a needle into the joint and slowly inject the viscous fluid into the joint space. These effects are often mild and transient. Some unanticipated side effects of steroid injections include bleeding and inflammation.
Removing the needle: Once the injection is complete, the doctor will remove the needle and apply a bandage or adhesive strip to the injection site. Patients may experience mild discomfort or swelling at the injection site following the procedure, but this usually resolves within a few days
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