Surface disinfectants have become extremely important in recent times due to the ongoing pandemic. Disinfecting commonly touched surfaces regularly is one of the recommended measures to prevent the spread of viruses and other germs. This article discusses various aspects of surface disinfectants including types, effectiveness, usage and safety guidelines.
Types of Surface Disinfectants
There are various types of disinfectants available in the market formulated to kill germs on surfaces. The most commonly used ones are:
Alcohol-based disinfectants: Disinfecting wipes or sprays containing at least 70% isopropyl or ethyl alcohol are effective against germs and viruses. Alcohol destroys the proteins and lipids in the outer layer of infectious agents.
Bleach-based disinfectants: Sodium hypochlorite or bleach solutions diluted with water are low-cost and readily available options. Household bleach containing 5.25% sodium hypochlorite when diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50 is very effective.
Quaternary ammonium compounds: These are synthetically produced compounds and are commonly found in antibacterial household cleaners. They disrupt the cell wall and membranes of microbes.
Hydrogen peroxide-based: Disinfectants containing hydrogen peroxide or its stabilised form are broad spectrum and environment friendly. They work by producing destructive hydroxyl radicals when in contact with cellular components of microbes.
Effectiveness Against Different Viruses and Bacteria
Not all Surface Disinfectant are equally effective against all types of viruses and bacteria. Effectiveness depends on factors like:
- Contact time: The disinfectant must remain wet on the surface for the recommended contact time to efficiently kill all microbes.
- Concentration: Disinfectants must be used at the concentration recommended by manufacturers. Over-diluting can reduce effectiveness.
- Hard surfaces vs porous: Hard non-porous surfaces are easier to disinfect than soft porous ones like fabrics where agents cannot penetrate deeply.
- Type of microbe: Viruses with lipid envelopes like coronaviruses are easier to kill than non-enveloped viruses and bacterial spores.
Alcohol, bleach and hydrogen peroxide based agents have been found to effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and many other common disease causing germs on surfaces within 1 minute. Quaternary ammonium compounds may require longer contact times
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