Epidermal growth factors are small protein molecules that are involved in cell signalling pathways. These signalling proteins play a crucial role in regulating fundamental cellular processes like cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and survival. In the human body, epidermal growth factors act through binding to receptor tyrosine kinases on the cell surface and trigger intracellular signalling cascades. Aberrant expression and regulation of epidermal growth factors market have been linked to various disease conditions including cancer. This article aims to provide an overview of epidermal growth factors, their mechanisms of action and physiological roles.
What are Epidermal Growth Factors?
Epidermal growth factors refer to a family of proteins that were originally identified from an extract of male mouse submaxillary glands. The founding member and namesake of this family is epidermal growth factor (EGF). Some other well-studied epidermal growth factors include transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), amphiregulin, heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), betacellulin and epiregulin. These low molecular weight proteins share considerable amino acid sequence homology, especially in the cysteine-rich domain that is crucial for receptor binding.
EGFs act through activation of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases present on the cell surface. In humans, these receptors include EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4. Binding of EGF ligands to these receptors triggers dimerization and autophosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine kinase domains. This leads to downstream signaling via MAPK, PI3K/Akt and other pathways to regulate gene expression responses governing cell proliferation, survival and differentiation.
Roles of EGF in Physiology and Disease
EGF and other family members play vital roles during embryonic development, tissue repair, wound healing and homeostasis in adult tissues. For example, EGF is essential for normal epidermal development and hair follicle morphogenesis. EGF signaling mediated through EGFR regulates intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation important for gut renewal and repair. Deregulated EGF signaling is implicated in various disease processes as well.
Cancer: Aberrant activation of EGF receptors due to gene overexpression, mutations or autocrine stimulation leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation in many epithelial cancers including lung, breast, pancreatic, head and neck cancers. Anti-EGFR therapies targeting EGFR mutations have shown survival benefits in lung cancer patients.
Wound Healing: EGF topical application or enhanced signaling accelerates re-epithelialization and wound closure. However, excessive EGF activity can also promote aberrant scarring and fibrosis.
Other Roles: Roles for EGF signaling have been shown in processes like neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, bone development, cardiac protection and kidney development/repair. Dysregulated EGF signaling contributes to conditions like psoriasis.
EGF Signaling Crosstalk and Complexity
The cellular responses to EGF stimulation are complex due to interactions with other signaling networks. For example, EGFR transactivates Platelet-derived growth factor receptors and vice versa augmenting their downstream signals. Additionally, EGFs show functional redundancy as different ligands can activate the same ErbB receptors with varying affinities. Signaling outcomes also depend on expression levels and heterodimerization patterns of ErbB receptors. Post-translational modifications of receptors and cross-regulation by micro-RNAs add further complexity. Together, these factors determine the spatial-temporal dynamics and context-specific functions of EGF signaling in physiology and disease.
Future Directions
Understanding the multifaceted nature of EGF signaling continues to provide opportunities for therapeutic interventions. Developing isoform-selective EGFR inhibitors minimizes off-target toxicities seen with pan-ErbB inhibitors. Combination strategies targeting EGFR along with downstream nodes or parallel pathways offer better efficacy. In cancers showing primary resistance to EGFR inhibitors, predictive biomarkers help identify alternative treatment approaches. Biomechanical cues from the tumor microenvironment that impinge on EGF signaling also need attention. Expanding our knowledge of EGF signaling networks in normal development and homeostasis will aid management of wound healing and other disorders as well. Overall, basic research continues unraveling new regulatory layers of EGF signaling with potential for improved clinical applications.
Conclusion
To summarize, epidermal growth factors market are an evolutionarily conserved family of glycoproteins that play central roles in cell growth, differentiation and survival through activation of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. Aberrant EGF signaling contributes to pathogenesis of epithelial cancers and other diseases. Understanding the complex signaling networks and context-specific functions of EGFs provides opportunities to develop more effective targeted therapies.
UpMarketResearch offers a latest published report on “Global Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Market Industry Analysis and Forecast 2018-2025” delivering key insights and providing a competitive advantage to clients through a detailed report.
It presents a comparative detailed analysis of all the regional and major player segments, offering readers a better knowledge of areas in which they can place their existing resources and gauging the priority of a particular region in order to boost their standing in the global market.
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) market research report delivers a close watch on leading competitors with strategic analysis, micro and macro market trend and scenarios, pricing analysis and a holistic overview of the market situations in the forecast period.
The numerical data is backed up by statistical tools such as SWOT analysis, BCG matrix, SCOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and so on.
The statistics are represented in graphical format for a clear understanding on facts and figures.
The generated report is firmly based on primary research, interviews with top executives, news sources and information insiders.
Report on World Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Market by Product Type, Market, Players, and Regions-Forecast to 2024 by DecisionDatabases.com Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) (CAS 62253-63-8) market research report provides the newest industry data and industry future trends, allowing you to identify the products and end users driving Revenue growth and profitability.The industry report lists the leading competitors and provides the insights strategic industry Analysis of the key factors influencing the market.The report includes the forecasts, Analysis and discussion of important industry trends, market size, market share estimates and profiles of the leading industry Players.Final Report will cover the impact of COVID-19 on this industry.Browse the complete report and table of contents @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/45270-world-epidermal-growth-factor-egf-market-reportThe Players mentioned in our reportPavayRadiant IncLipoTrue, S.LBIOEFFECTYtkangdaerBIO-FD Co., LtdGlobal Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) (CAS 62253-63-8) Market: Product Segment AnalysisLiquidPowderGlobal Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) (CAS 62253-63-8) Market: Application Segment AnalysisEGF CreamEGF LotionEGF MaskGlobal Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) (CAS 62253-63-8) Market: Regional Segment AnalysisUSAEuropeJapanChinaIndiaSouth East AsiaDownload Free Sample Report of World Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-45270There are 10 Chapters to deeply display the World Welded Metal Bellow market.Chapter 1 About the Welded Metal Bellow IndustryChapter 2 World Market Competition LandscapeChapter 3 World Welded Metal Bellow Market shareChapter 4 Supply Chain AnalysisChapter 5 Company ProfilesChapter 6 Globalisation & TradeChapter 7 Distributors and CustomersChapter 8 Import, Export, Consumption and Consumption Value by Major CountriesChapter 9 World Welded Metal Bellow Market Forecast through 2024Chapter 10 Key success factors and Market OverviewPurchase the complete World Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Market Research Report @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/buy-now-45270Other Reports by DecisionDatabases.com:World Welded Metal Bellow Market Research Report 2024 (covering USA, Europe, China, Japan, India, South East Asia and etc)About-Us:DecisionDatabases.com is a global business research reports provider, enriching decision makers and strategists with qualitative statistics.
DecisionDatabases.com is proficient in providing syndicated research report, customized research reports, company profiles and industry databases across multiple domains.Our expert research analysts have been trained to map client’s research requirements to the correct research resource leading to a distinctive edge over its competitors.
We provide intellectual, precise and meaningful data at a lightning speed.For more details:DecisionDatabases.comE-Mail: [email protected]: +91 9028057900Web: https://www.decisiondatabases.com/
