The main essence WhatsApp has is a real time chat users can run there. Developers worldwide have already come up with a few schemes messengers could be based on, all of them serving a different purpose. The types depend on the connection your chat is meant to use - it might either be HTTP + Push Notifications or Extensive Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) protocol with Sockets-placed chat.
Read here: How Much Does It Cost to Build a Messaging App Like WhatsApp?
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