To date, the use of AI services in policing has largely been in the areas of facial recognition and resource use in more effective ways, but a recent study led by the University of Northumbria highlights how to help prevent unsolved crimes, particularly by providing insights into weapons used in the crime.
Source : BCCL
“Machine learning uses a range of algorithms to create complex data relationships,” say the authors. "By careful fine-tuning, they can be used to estimate the salient features of ammunition used in a specific shooting event from the associated gunshot residue (GSR) deposited on surrounding surfaces or objects, including spent cases, injuries and, potentially, shooter's arms."
The team believes that their approach represents a significant improvement from existing methods of GSR analysis, and the new approach represents unprecedented accuracy. This is the approach the group believes will bring new insight into some of the past high and unsolved crimes, such as the Bloody Sunday murders of 1972.
"After Bloody Sunday, it was a problem for civilians or military personnel to decide whether to fire a gun," they explain. "Researchers found large amounts of GSR in all the victims and concluded that these were the result of the shooting. However, it was later established that secondary, post-event transfer of contaminants from military personnel - to hand-enriched bodies with GSRs - was followed by a small amount of GSR through contaminated surfaces. May be transferred, When the soldiers went to help the victims after the incident rushed to the hospital. "
Forensic examination
The team has extensive knowledge of the use of machine learning for forensic applications, including data from the firing of a variety of ammunition, including gun cartridges and smokeless powders, to determine the relationship between ammunition and residue.
Their early success prompted the team to believe that their work in forensic science could be applied more broadly and applied more generally in analytical chemistry.
“The benefits are countless,” they explain. "They can also be extended to other fields in the analytical sciences that routinely encounter changeable chemical traces, such as improved explosive device analysis, firing speed, and environmental pollutants."
The path from the laboratory to the market is rare, but the results of this study are interesting enough to suggest that police officers can be of extra help in solving murders.
Crimes aren't the first software designed for so-called predictive policing. Eight years ago, UCLA scientists working with the Los Angeles Police Department created a program called PredPol, aimed at examining how the scientific analysis of crime data can help models of criminal behavior. Now used by more than 60 police departments across the country, Predpole identifies areas where serious crimes are likely to occur during a given period.
The company says its research has found software to be twice as accurate as human analysts when it comes to where crimes occur. No independent study has confirmed those results.
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