Misconception one: The actual lift can be increased by reducing the pipe diameter.
Some users of centrifugal pump think that this can improve the actual lift. The truth is that the actual lift of the pump is equal to the total lift minus the loss lift. When the pump model is determined, the total lift is certain. The loss pump lift is mainly from the pipeline resistance And the smaller the diameter, the greater the resistance, so the larger the pump lift is. Therefore, after the pipe diameter is reduced, the actual lift of the pump cannot be increased. On the contrary, it will decrease and lead to a drop in pump efficiency. In the same way, when the small-diameter water pump is pumped with a large water pipe, the actual lift of the water pump will not be lowered, but the loss lift will be reduced due to the decrease of the resistance of the pipeline, so that the actual lift is increased.
Some of them also believed that the small-diameter water pump will greatly increase the motor load when pumping water with a large water pipe. They think that the water in the outlet pipe will have a large pressure on the pump impeller after the pipe diameter is increased, thus greatly increasing the motor load. As everyone knows, the pressure of the liquid pressure is only related to the height of the lift, and has nothing to do with the cross-sectional area of the water pipe. As long as the lift is certain, the impeller size of the pump is constant, and the pressure acting on the impeller is constant regardless of the diameter of the pipe. Only when the pipe diameter is increased, the water flow resistance will decrease, and the flow rate will increase, and the power consumption will also increase appropriately. However, as long as it is within the rated lift range, the pump can work normally regardless of the pipe diameter, and it can also reduce the pipeline loss and improve pump efficiency.
Misconception two: High lift pump uses in low lift pumping.
Some users believe that the lower the pumping lift, the smaller the motor load. Under this misconception, they often select high lift pumps when purchasing. In fact, for a centrifugal pump, when the pump model is determined, the power consumption is proportional to the actual flow of the pump. The flow rate of the pump will decrease with the increase of the lift, so the higher the lift, the smaller the flow and the power consumption. Conversely, the lower the lift, the greater the flow and the power consumed. Therefore, in order to prevent the motor from overloading, it is generally required that the actual pumping stroke of the pump should not be less than 60% of the nominal head. When the high lift pump is used for low lift pumping, the motor is easily overloaded and heated, and in severe cases, the motor can be burnt. If it is used in an emergency, a gate valve (or a small outlet with wood or the like) for adjusting the amount of water must be installed on the outlet pipe to reduce the flow to prevent motor overload. Pay attention to the temperature rise of the motor. If the motor is overheated, turn off the flow of the small outlet or shut down. Some operators think that blocking the water outlet and forcibly reducing the flow will increase the motor load. In actual conditions, the gate valve of the regular high-power centrifugal pump drainage and irrigation unit is equipped with a gate valve. In order to reduce the motor load when the unit is started, the gate valve should be closed firstly, and then gradually opened after the motor is started.
Misconception three: Use many elbows on the centrifugal pump inlet pipe.
If there are many elbows on the inlet pipe, it will increase the local flow resistance. Besides, the elbow should turn in the vertical direction, and it is not allowed to turn in the horizontal direction to avoid air accumulation.
Misconception four: When installing the water inlet pipe, the horizontal section is horizontal or upturned.
This will cause air to accumulate in the inlet pipe, reducing the vacuum degree of the water pipe and pump, the suction lift of the pump and the amount of water. The correct way is that the horizontal section should be slightly inclined to the water source, and should not be horizontal or lifted upwards.
Misconception five: The inlet of the centrifugal pump is directly connected to the elbow.
This will result in uneven distribution of water as it passes through the elbow into the impeller. When the inlet pipe diameter is larger than the water pump inlet, an eccentric reducer should be installed. The flat part of the eccentric reducer is to be mounted on the upper part, and the inclined part is placed below. Otherwise, the air will be collected, and the amount of water will be reduced or the water will not be pumped, along with knocking noise. If the inlet pipe and the water inlet of the pump are equal in diameter, a straight pipe should be added between the water inlet and the elbow of the pump, and not be less than 2 to 3 times the diameter of the water pipe.
Misconception six: The centrifugal pump outlet pipe is above the normal water level of the outlet.
If the water outlet is above the normal water level of the water outlet, although the pump lift is increased, the flow is reduced. If the water outlet must be higher than the water level of the pool due to terrain conditions, the elbow and short pipe should be installed at the opening of the pipe to make the water pipe siphon type and reduce the height of the water outlet.
Misconception seven: The inlet of the inlet pipe is not in the right position.
When the water inlet of the inlet pipe is not deep enough, this will cause a vortex on the water surface around the inlet pipe, affecting the inflow and reducing the amount of water. To correct this, the water depth of the small and medium-sized water pump should not be less than 300 mm to 600 mm, and the large water pump should not be less than 600 mm to 1000 mm.
Misconception eight: When the bottom valve is set, the bottom section of the inlet pipe is not vertical.
If installed in this way, the valve cannot be closed by itself, which will cause water leakage. The bottom section of the inlet pipe with the bottom valve is preferably vertical. If it cannot be installed vertically due to terrain conditions, the angle between the water pipe axis and the horizontal plane should be 60° or more.
Common misconceptions of pipeline pumps
YouTube is one of the most comfortable social platforms to express yourself.
It offers well-established options for uploading, editing, maintaining, and promoting your content, as well as having good terms for communicating with your viewers on YouTube.
Using specific partnership programs and donations, YouTubers can have a fine profit too.
However, it is still worth a try, because the platform is huge, and it is possible to find your niche.
To reach success on YouTube as a creator, one should remember a few useful tips and effective techniques.
Blogging in such a manner is also engaging, so it will bring you good rates without additional efforts.
For the people planning to connect with the L Centrona project, it is a must to know about its investment perspective.
It will help people have a great impact on their budget and decide to buy an apartment or a flat.
Usually, in Mumbai, flats are very expensive and out of budget for many people, but once they are aware of the investment perspective, then they can manage their budget and opt for buying an apartment there.
Once people learn about the major aspects related to l Centrona, it will greatly impact their decision-making.It is a fact that whenever you connect with any building and other projects, then you need to learn about its investment perspective as it allows you to have a great impact on your budget.
It is better to learn about the investment perspective in advance to avoid any doubt or query while dealing with that project.Investment Perspective The people who prefer to connect with the l Centrona project must be aware of its benefits and other factors.
This Ghatkopar East project seems to be a very profitable venture from an investment perspective as it is located in the hemisphere of Mumbai.
Grabwheels - Service on demand, Grab open sound over the events of the accident that killed two users of electric scooters GrabWheels in Senayan on Sunday (10/11) morning.
"Grab committed to continuously improving the safety of use GrabWheels through education to the users and work together with stakeholders in an effort to maintain safety," said CEO of GrabWheels, TJ Tham through a written statement, Wednesday (13/11).
Tham said it has contacted the family of the user, as well as ready to provide full support and assistance needed.
"All your management Grab regret this incident and condolences to the families and colleagues left behind," he said.
Some of them, namely ensure the brake function when the lock is opened, use the device safety such as helmets, as well as stepping on the foot brake to slow down or stop.
Make sure the lights are always lit, wear shoes to protect feet, and look at the surrounding environment.
The drying oven is one of the important components in the Lyophilization Equipment , and its performance directly affects the performance of the entire Lyophilization Equipment.
The freeze-drying box of Lyophilization Equipment is a rectangular or drum type, which can be cooled to about -40C.
It can be heated to a vacuum-sealed high and low temperature box body of about +50C.The bottom of the cabinet is slightly inclined to the rear, and the drain is designed at the lowest point to facilitate drainage.The freeze-drying of the product is carried out in a dry box, in which there is mainly a shelf on which the product is placed.The shelves are made of stainless steel with media ducts distributed inside to cool or heat the product.The laminar components are installed in the freeze-drying box through the bracket, and are driven by the hydraulic piston rod to move up and down, which is convenient for feeding and discharging and cleaning.The uppermost layer is a temperature-compensated stiffener that ensures the same thermal environment for all products in the box.The freeze-drying box of Lyophilization Equipment can be installed with the wall of the sterile room.
The material of the door is also made of high-quality stainless steel.
It has the same smoothness and flatness as the inside of the freeze-drying box.
It can be closely attached to the sealing strip to ensure the sealing under vacuum.
With such a significant number of motivations to get into the realm of Web Design Services for what reason would not anybody need to be one?
This isn't merely fun, and some innovative work was occurring.
Paid attention to this one aide in ensuring; people doing eCommerce Web Development or the freelancers have your own fruitful business in no less time.
Being an independent Web Designer, not many things you should know: • Agenda PlanYou have to have your own field-tested strategy; this will help in ensuring, your brain is clear and realizes what all sorts of things you have to design.
This would enable one; to observe all the running costs and the sort of ROI one could get from their marketable operating strategy.
Along these lines, don't neglect to design things well, particularly when it is identified with ROI.
One thing for sure is any women who also fear the tightness of his meet the condition at level, but you have to know that to about 99% of men also interested in the “babe” of you.
Men, most of who also desired his girl owns a “closed zone” by very many factors, happy feelings depend on this delicate matter.
Also women a the genital area, not just to “score points” with the guy but also to avoid the gynecological diseases.
So how is the genital area, beautiful enclosed areas is assessed through the criteria.
Let's also aesthetic center Xuan Hung learn.
The evaluation criteria how is the sealed beautiful
(Nguon: https://bit.ly/2tTxUfz)
This is the most important point which you should think.
Write down each goal and provide a list of web development company.
In this case, web development company would lay the Foundation for future opportunities.
Many people do not pay attention to it, thus web development company will also hold back and try not to talk about it.
Internal SEO optimization will improve your site in Google's eyes.
Also do not forget about the Google Analytics system
Because the multi-wire submerged arc welding of longitudinally welded pipes has the characteristics of large undercooling and fast welding speed, the equilibrium state is basically eliminated.
If the same chemical composition as the base metal is used as the welding material, the weld metal will have low plasticity, Low toughness, high strength mechanical properties.When operating the oil and gas transportation longitudinally welded pipes(lsaw steel pipe) with high technical requirements, if the safe operation of the pipeline is to be fully ensured, it is necessary to have good impact toughness and plastic welds, in order to avoid the crack resistance, plasticity and toughness of the welded joints.
Therefore, when choosing welding materials, you need to consider the weld The crack resistance, plasticity and toughness of metals in all directions.At the same time, when welding large-diameter straight seam steel pipes and other medium-thick plates with greater rigidity, in order to prevent cracks from being caused by greater joint restraint, within the allowable design range, choose a slightly lower strength Welding materials based on the base metal, that is, the use of low-matching joints.
This method can prevent the actual strength of the weld from being reduced due to the decrease in the strength of the welding material, thereby greatly increasing the toughness of the weld and reducing the tendency of the joint to crack , Increase the comprehensive mechanical properties of the joint weld.Welding wires of different diameters have different current adaptation ranges in submerged arc welding.
The melting amount of the welding wire will increase with the increase of the current within this range, which will affect the welding seam forming effect, and the adjustment effect of the arc itself will be due to the inability to reach The current in this range is affected and the arc is unstable.
Longitudinal welded pipes with multi-wire submerged arc The welding quality of welding is also affected by many factors, such as the dry elongation of the welding wire, the inclination of the welding wire, the spacing of the welding wire and the arrangement of the welding wire.
Therefore, the bride will start preparations at the wedding or a few months before, whether it is the venue of the wedding, the theme of the wedding, the choice of the wedding dresses and the production of the invitation cards, are very important alternatives.
Of course, choosing a suitable bridesmaid dress for the bridesmaid is also a very important alternative to the wedding.
Therefore, brides always want to find cheap and beautiful bridesmaid dresses.
Even if the bridesmaid dresses are rented in the store, the cost is not cheap and the size is not very suitable.
Now many online stores have bridesmaid dresses under $100, which is not only cheap, but many online malls can be customized for free.
This can not only greatly reduce the bride's time, but also save a sum of money.
In every type of game there is on online gambling website trusted easy won will certainly give the game the most easy to be played and of course also won.
And certainly the type of game in online gambling website that is very easy to be won it will make You feel great benefits every time you play.
Therefore, You should immediately try all kinds of games that we will review this.
Expertise in set up a strategy are of course very different in each game.
Just need a level of concentration and focus on the game.
Game Domino QQ can be categorized as a type of online gambling game which can be won easily.
The equipment in the gym to purchase Equipment for weight training https://sites.google.com/view/ntaifitness/fabricantes-de-equipamentos-de-fitness
When you search for where the equipment in order to purchase, it is essential to look for a supplier with a wide variety of equipment and lines, in order to provide you with the best possible products, taking into account the needs of the facility.
A space oriented to the practice of physical exercise should be to ensure not only comfort for any of the following activities, as well as that of their equipment to meet the needs of those who frequent the site.
For this reason, in addition to the items that allow you to practice the exercises, cardio and functional, and to have the body-building equipment for varied quality, it is essential to gain muscle mass, it is one of the main factors that motivate people to go to the gym.
EQUIPMENT IN ORDER TO PURCHASE WITH THE ADVANTAGES OF
The apparatus of the academy, they are put to the best use and will need to be prepared with full expertise, since they must provide for the safety and effectiveness of the training sessions.
Every person has their own ideas and impressions anabolic running reviews of what a good, healthy weight-loss plan should be.
Below you will find some sensible weight-loss tips that can help.One way to speed up your weight loss process is by increasing the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables that you eat.
This can help you avoid snacking.Adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet can greatly assist you in your weight loss attempts.
Most fruits and vegetables are lower in calories, so you can eat more and gain less.Milk is a dieter's best friend.
While whole milk has unnecessary amounts of fat, 1% and skim milk, is a smart drink choice and anyone trying to lose weight should drink at least eight ounces per day.
By eating more often, you'll be less likely to snack on unhealthy foods because you just won't be hungry.When you are trying to lose weight, it helps to be knowledgeable about portion sizes so you are more aware of what you're eating.
Investing in a dishwasher, lots of get - you save money and time
You can save a lot of water and energy necessary for its heating.
It is also worth buying dishwasher, pay attention to whether it is a short, cost effective program.
Possible the dishwasher is priceless, dip it 140 dishes, consuming 15 litres of water and 1.05 kWh of electricity, if the same number of dishes wash by hand, water consumption is 40 liters, and power of 5.0 kW.
Using the dishwasher,it should be charged until full, this will allow maximum use of energy.
If the dishes are usually dirty, use the program to 50 degrees C. In comparison with the program of 60 degrees, saving up to 30 % energy.
– In domino gambling online, fortune has indeed become highly preferred according to some people, but according to research we as admin are not one hundred 100% luck which always take precedence.
Skil and how to play also be an important factor of the game, for skill and way of play already never we explain in the previous article.
Can just about Your attitude when playing online gambling, usually without You even noticing that the attitude and nature of You make You fall in defeat.
Since the admin focus on the world of bloggers who recommend the site domino trusted online admin often look for a online gambling website and search for new things anything and we immediately put it to the test.
Before we discuss more in depth about the new things then we should first understand some of the things that must be owned by a novice player in the world of gambling dominoes online.
Some things need to be owned pemian domino online
YouTube is one of the most comfortable social platforms to express yourself.
It offers well-established options for uploading, editing, maintaining, and promoting your content, as well as having good terms for communicating with your viewers on YouTube.
Using specific partnership programs and donations, YouTubers can have a fine profit too.
However, it is still worth a try, because the platform is huge, and it is possible to find your niche.
To reach success on YouTube as a creator, one should remember a few useful tips and effective techniques.
Blogging in such a manner is also engaging, so it will bring you good rates without additional efforts.
Therefore, the bride will start preparations at the wedding or a few months before, whether it is the venue of the wedding, the theme of the wedding, the choice of the wedding dresses and the production of the invitation cards, are very important alternatives.
Of course, choosing a suitable bridesmaid dress for the bridesmaid is also a very important alternative to the wedding.
Therefore, brides always want to find cheap and beautiful bridesmaid dresses.
Even if the bridesmaid dresses are rented in the store, the cost is not cheap and the size is not very suitable.
Now many online stores have bridesmaid dresses under $100, which is not only cheap, but many online malls can be customized for free.
This can not only greatly reduce the bride's time, but also save a sum of money.
For the people planning to connect with the L Centrona project, it is a must to know about its investment perspective.
It will help people have a great impact on their budget and decide to buy an apartment or a flat.
Usually, in Mumbai, flats are very expensive and out of budget for many people, but once they are aware of the investment perspective, then they can manage their budget and opt for buying an apartment there.
Once people learn about the major aspects related to l Centrona, it will greatly impact their decision-making.It is a fact that whenever you connect with any building and other projects, then you need to learn about its investment perspective as it allows you to have a great impact on your budget.
It is better to learn about the investment perspective in advance to avoid any doubt or query while dealing with that project.Investment Perspective The people who prefer to connect with the l Centrona project must be aware of its benefits and other factors.
This Ghatkopar East project seems to be a very profitable venture from an investment perspective as it is located in the hemisphere of Mumbai.
In every type of game there is on online gambling website trusted easy won will certainly give the game the most easy to be played and of course also won.
And certainly the type of game in online gambling website that is very easy to be won it will make You feel great benefits every time you play.
Therefore, You should immediately try all kinds of games that we will review this.
Expertise in set up a strategy are of course very different in each game.
Just need a level of concentration and focus on the game.
Game Domino QQ can be categorized as a type of online gambling game which can be won easily.
Grabwheels - Service on demand, Grab open sound over the events of the accident that killed two users of electric scooters GrabWheels in Senayan on Sunday (10/11) morning.
"Grab committed to continuously improving the safety of use GrabWheels through education to the users and work together with stakeholders in an effort to maintain safety," said CEO of GrabWheels, TJ Tham through a written statement, Wednesday (13/11).
Tham said it has contacted the family of the user, as well as ready to provide full support and assistance needed.
"All your management Grab regret this incident and condolences to the families and colleagues left behind," he said.
Some of them, namely ensure the brake function when the lock is opened, use the device safety such as helmets, as well as stepping on the foot brake to slow down or stop.
Make sure the lights are always lit, wear shoes to protect feet, and look at the surrounding environment.
The equipment in the gym to purchase Equipment for weight training https://sites.google.com/view/ntaifitness/fabricantes-de-equipamentos-de-fitness
When you search for where the equipment in order to purchase, it is essential to look for a supplier with a wide variety of equipment and lines, in order to provide you with the best possible products, taking into account the needs of the facility.
A space oriented to the practice of physical exercise should be to ensure not only comfort for any of the following activities, as well as that of their equipment to meet the needs of those who frequent the site.
For this reason, in addition to the items that allow you to practice the exercises, cardio and functional, and to have the body-building equipment for varied quality, it is essential to gain muscle mass, it is one of the main factors that motivate people to go to the gym.
EQUIPMENT IN ORDER TO PURCHASE WITH THE ADVANTAGES OF
The apparatus of the academy, they are put to the best use and will need to be prepared with full expertise, since they must provide for the safety and effectiveness of the training sessions.
The drying oven is one of the important components in the Lyophilization Equipment , and its performance directly affects the performance of the entire Lyophilization Equipment.
The freeze-drying box of Lyophilization Equipment is a rectangular or drum type, which can be cooled to about -40C.
It can be heated to a vacuum-sealed high and low temperature box body of about +50C.The bottom of the cabinet is slightly inclined to the rear, and the drain is designed at the lowest point to facilitate drainage.The freeze-drying of the product is carried out in a dry box, in which there is mainly a shelf on which the product is placed.The shelves are made of stainless steel with media ducts distributed inside to cool or heat the product.The laminar components are installed in the freeze-drying box through the bracket, and are driven by the hydraulic piston rod to move up and down, which is convenient for feeding and discharging and cleaning.The uppermost layer is a temperature-compensated stiffener that ensures the same thermal environment for all products in the box.The freeze-drying box of Lyophilization Equipment can be installed with the wall of the sterile room.
The material of the door is also made of high-quality stainless steel.
It has the same smoothness and flatness as the inside of the freeze-drying box.
It can be closely attached to the sealing strip to ensure the sealing under vacuum.
With such a significant number of motivations to get into the realm of Web Design Services for what reason would not anybody need to be one?
This isn't merely fun, and some innovative work was occurring.
Paid attention to this one aide in ensuring; people doing eCommerce Web Development or the freelancers have your own fruitful business in no less time.
Being an independent Web Designer, not many things you should know: • Agenda PlanYou have to have your own field-tested strategy; this will help in ensuring, your brain is clear and realizes what all sorts of things you have to design.
This would enable one; to observe all the running costs and the sort of ROI one could get from their marketable operating strategy.
Along these lines, don't neglect to design things well, particularly when it is identified with ROI.
Every person has their own ideas and impressions anabolic running reviews of what a good, healthy weight-loss plan should be.
Below you will find some sensible weight-loss tips that can help.One way to speed up your weight loss process is by increasing the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables that you eat.
This can help you avoid snacking.Adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet can greatly assist you in your weight loss attempts.
Most fruits and vegetables are lower in calories, so you can eat more and gain less.Milk is a dieter's best friend.
While whole milk has unnecessary amounts of fat, 1% and skim milk, is a smart drink choice and anyone trying to lose weight should drink at least eight ounces per day.
By eating more often, you'll be less likely to snack on unhealthy foods because you just won't be hungry.When you are trying to lose weight, it helps to be knowledgeable about portion sizes so you are more aware of what you're eating.
One thing for sure is any women who also fear the tightness of his meet the condition at level, but you have to know that to about 99% of men also interested in the “babe” of you.
Men, most of who also desired his girl owns a “closed zone” by very many factors, happy feelings depend on this delicate matter.
Also women a the genital area, not just to “score points” with the guy but also to avoid the gynecological diseases.
So how is the genital area, beautiful enclosed areas is assessed through the criteria.
Let's also aesthetic center Xuan Hung learn.
The evaluation criteria how is the sealed beautiful
(Nguon: https://bit.ly/2tTxUfz)
Investing in a dishwasher, lots of get - you save money and time
You can save a lot of water and energy necessary for its heating.
It is also worth buying dishwasher, pay attention to whether it is a short, cost effective program.
Possible the dishwasher is priceless, dip it 140 dishes, consuming 15 litres of water and 1.05 kWh of electricity, if the same number of dishes wash by hand, water consumption is 40 liters, and power of 5.0 kW.
Using the dishwasher,it should be charged until full, this will allow maximum use of energy.
If the dishes are usually dirty, use the program to 50 degrees C. In comparison with the program of 60 degrees, saving up to 30 % energy.
This is the most important point which you should think.
Write down each goal and provide a list of web development company.
In this case, web development company would lay the Foundation for future opportunities.
Many people do not pay attention to it, thus web development company will also hold back and try not to talk about it.
Internal SEO optimization will improve your site in Google's eyes.
Also do not forget about the Google Analytics system
– In domino gambling online, fortune has indeed become highly preferred according to some people, but according to research we as admin are not one hundred 100% luck which always take precedence.
Skil and how to play also be an important factor of the game, for skill and way of play already never we explain in the previous article.
Can just about Your attitude when playing online gambling, usually without You even noticing that the attitude and nature of You make You fall in defeat.
Since the admin focus on the world of bloggers who recommend the site domino trusted online admin often look for a online gambling website and search for new things anything and we immediately put it to the test.
Before we discuss more in depth about the new things then we should first understand some of the things that must be owned by a novice player in the world of gambling dominoes online.
Some things need to be owned pemian domino online
Because the multi-wire submerged arc welding of longitudinally welded pipes has the characteristics of large undercooling and fast welding speed, the equilibrium state is basically eliminated.
If the same chemical composition as the base metal is used as the welding material, the weld metal will have low plasticity, Low toughness, high strength mechanical properties.When operating the oil and gas transportation longitudinally welded pipes(lsaw steel pipe) with high technical requirements, if the safe operation of the pipeline is to be fully ensured, it is necessary to have good impact toughness and plastic welds, in order to avoid the crack resistance, plasticity and toughness of the welded joints.
Therefore, when choosing welding materials, you need to consider the weld The crack resistance, plasticity and toughness of metals in all directions.At the same time, when welding large-diameter straight seam steel pipes and other medium-thick plates with greater rigidity, in order to prevent cracks from being caused by greater joint restraint, within the allowable design range, choose a slightly lower strength Welding materials based on the base metal, that is, the use of low-matching joints.
This method can prevent the actual strength of the weld from being reduced due to the decrease in the strength of the welding material, thereby greatly increasing the toughness of the weld and reducing the tendency of the joint to crack , Increase the comprehensive mechanical properties of the joint weld.Welding wires of different diameters have different current adaptation ranges in submerged arc welding.
The melting amount of the welding wire will increase with the increase of the current within this range, which will affect the welding seam forming effect, and the adjustment effect of the arc itself will be due to the inability to reach The current in this range is affected and the arc is unstable.
Longitudinal welded pipes with multi-wire submerged arc The welding quality of welding is also affected by many factors, such as the dry elongation of the welding wire, the inclination of the welding wire, the spacing of the welding wire and the arrangement of the welding wire.