Containerization has existed for decades but has seen increasing adoption in recent years for application development and modernization. We will discuss two specific container solutions and their uses: Docker vs. Kubernetes. First, we will discuss exactly what containerization is and then we will dive into the benefits of each solution.
What is Containerization?
Containerization is a form of virtualization at the application level. It aims to package an application with all its dependencies, runtimes, libraries, and configuration files in an isolated executable package called a container. The operating system (OS) is not included in the container, which makes it different from virtual machines (VMs), which are virtualized at the hardware level and include the OS.
While the concept behind virtualization is the sharing of physical resources between several virtual machines, containers share the kernel of one OS between several containers. Unlike virtual machines, containers are lightweight precisely because they don’t contain the OS. This is why containers take seconds to boot. In addition, containers can easily be deployed on different operating systems (Windows, Linux, macOS) and in different environments (cloud, VM, physical server) without requiring any changes.
In 2013, Docker Inc. introduced Docker in an attempt to standardize containers to be used widely and on different platforms. A year later, Google introduced Kubernetes as a solution to manage a cluster of container hosts. The definitions of the two solutions will highlight their differences.
Container Solution: Docker
Docker is an open-source platform for packaging and running applications in standard containers that can run across different platforms in the same behavior. With Docker, containerized applications are isolated from the host, which offers the flexibility of delivering applications to any platform running any OS. Furthermore, the Docker engine manages containers and allows them to run simultaneously on the same host.
Due to the client-server architecture, Docker consists of client- and server-side components (Docker client and Docker daemon). The client and the daemon (Dockerd) can run on the same system, or you can connect the client to a remote daemon. The daemon processes the API requests sent by the client in addition to managing the other Docker objects (containers, networks, volumes, images, etc.).
Docker Desktop is the installer of Docker client and daemon and includes other components like Docker Compose, Docker CLI (Command Line Interface), and more. It can be installed on different platforms: Windows, Linux, and macOS.
Developers can design an application to run on multiple containers on the same host, creating the need to manage multiple containers simultaneously. For this reason, Docker Inc. introduced Docker Compose. Docker vs. Docker Compose can be summarized as follows: Docker can manage a container, while Compose can manage multiple containers on one host.
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